. (2009) Polymorphisms in the WNK1 gene are associated with blood pressure variation and urinary potassium excretion. PL o S One, Vol.4 (No.4). ISSN 1932-6203

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Abstract

WNK1 - a serine/threonine kinase involved in electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure (BP) control - is an excellent candidate gene for essential hypertension (EH). We and others have previously reported association between WNK1 and BP variation. Using tag SNPs (tSNPs) that capture 100% of common WNK1 variation in HapMap, we aimed to replicate our findings with BP and to test for association with phenotypes relating to WNK1 function in the British Genetics of Hypertension (BRIGHT) study case-control resource (1700 hypertensive cases and 1700 normotensive controls). We found multiple variants to be associated with systolic blood pressure, SBP (7/28 tSNPs min-p = 0.0005), diastolic blood pressure, DBP (7/28 tSNPs min-p = 0.002) and 24 hour urinary potassium excretion (10/28 tSNPs min-p = 0.0004). Associations with SBP and urine potassium remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p= 0.02 and p = 0.01 respectively). The major allele (A) of rs765250, located in intron 1, demonstrated the strongest evidence for association with SBP, effect size 3.14 mmHg (95%CI:1.23–4.9), DBP 1.9 mmHg (95%CI:0.7–3.2) and hypertension, odds ratio (OR: 1.3 [95%CI: 1.0–1.7]).We genotyped this variant in six independent populations (n= 14,451) and replicated the association between rs765250 and SBP in a meta-analysis (p = 761023, combined with BRIGHT data-set p = 261024, n = 17,851). The associations of WNK1 with DBP and EH were not confirmed. Haplotype analysis revealed striking associations with hypertension and BP variation (global permutation p,1027). We identified several common haplotypes to be associated with increased BP and multiple low frequency haplotypes significantly associated with lower BP (.10 mmHg reduction) and risk for hypertension (OR,0.60). Our data indicates that multiple rare and common WNK1 variants contribute to BP variation and hypertension, and provide compelling evidence to initiate further genetic and functional studies to explore the role of WNK1 in BP regulation and EH.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Metabolic and Vascular Health Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Serine, Phosphotransferases, Essential hypertension -- Genetic aspects, Blood pressure -- Regulation, Potassium -- Metabolism
Journal or Publication Title:	PL o S One
Publisher:	Public Library of Science
ISSN:	1932-6203
Date:	4 April 2009
Volume:	Vol.4
Number:	No.4
Identification Number:	10.1371/journal.pone.0005003
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Economic and Social Research Council (Great Britain) (ESRC), Wellcome Trust (London, England), Estonia. Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium [The Ministry of Education and Science], Medical Research Council (Great Britain) (MRC), British Heart Foundation, William Harvey Research Foundation, Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive, Great Britain. Dept. of Health (DoH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute on Aging (NIA), United States. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Grant number:	070191/Z/03/Z (Wellcome), 0182721s06 (Estonia), G9521010D (MRC), PG02/128 (BHF), FS/05/061/19501 (BHF), HL36310 (NHLBI), AG13196 (NIA), HS06516 (AHCPR), AG1764406S1 (NIA)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/4423

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