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Dynamic tuning of T cell receptor specificity by co-receptors and costimulation
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Berg, Hugo van den, 1968- and Sewell, Andrew K. (2011) Dynamic tuning of T cell receptor specificity by co-receptors and costimulation. In: Molina-Parãais, Carmen and Lythe, Grant, (eds.) Mathematical models and immune cell biology. New York: Springer, pp. 47-73. ISBN 9781441977250
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7725-0_3
Abstract
Mounting evidence that each clonotype of T cell antigen receptor can productively interact with hundreds or even thousands of peptide antigens would appear to conflict, prima facie, with the immune system’s primary task of guarding against auto-immunity and singling out harmful “non-self” epitopes against a background of “self” epitopes. This paradox dissolves somewhat once it is appreciated that, at any one time, a TCR will only have high functional sensitivity to a small subset of all its potential agonists, that is, when presented at low copy numbers, only this small subset will be able to activate the T cell. In this light, the self-nonself problem becomes a matter of keeping the TCR trained on the appropriate subset of salient epitopes. We review evidence and models that show how the co-receptors CD4 and CD8, as well as the “signal 2” costimulatory system, act to keep the TCR focussed on the appropriate agonist subset. On the theory of dynamic tuning of TCR specificity, both immune tolerance and specific reactivity against salient epitopes rely on continual regulation by other components of the immune system. We present a model of “avidity maturation” during the early phase of a T cell response.
| Item Type: | Book Item |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Mathematics |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Place of Publication: | New York |
| ISBN: | 9781441977250 |
| Book Title: | Mathematical models and immune cell biology |
| Editor: | Molina-Parãais, Carmen and Lythe, Grant |
| Date: | 2011 |
| Number of Pages: | 407 |
| Page Range: | pp. 47-73 |
| Identification Number: | 10.1007/978-1-4419-7725-0_3 |
| Status: | Peer Reviewed |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/44243 |
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