Fukami, Hironobu, Chen, Chaolun Allen, Budd, Ann F., Collins, Allen, Wallace, Carden C., Chuang, Yao-Yang, Chen, Chienhsun, Dai, Chang-Feng, Iwao, Kenji, Sheppard, Charles (Charles R. C.) and Knowlton, Nancy (2008) Mitochondrial and nuclear genes suggest that stony corals are monophyletic but most families of stony corals are not (Order Scleractinia, Class Anthozoa, Phylum Cnidaria). PL o S One, Vol.3 (No.9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003222 ISSN 1932-6203.

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Abstract

Modern hard corals (Class Hexacorallia; Order Scleractinia) are widely studied because of their fundamental role in reef
building and their superb fossil record extending back to the Triassic. Nevertheless, interpretations of their evolutionary
relationships have been in flux for over a decade. Recent analyses undermine the legitimacy of traditional suborders,
families and genera, and suggest that a non-skeletal sister clade (Order Corallimorpharia) might be imbedded within the
stony corals. However, these studies either sampled a relatively limited array of taxa or assembled trees from heterogeneous
data sets. Here we provide a more comprehensive analysis of Scleractinia (127 species, 75 genera, 17 families) and various
outgroups, based on two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b), with analyses of nuclear genes (ßtubulin,
ribosomal DNA) of a subset of taxa to test unexpected relationships. Eleven of 16 families were found to be
polyphyletic. Strikingly, over one third of all families as conventionally defined contain representatives from the highly
divergent "robust" and "complex" clades. However, the recent suggestion that corallimorpharians are true corals that have
lost their skeletons was not upheld. Relationships were supported not only by mitochondrial and nuclear genes, but also
often by morphological characters which had been ignored or never noted previously. The concordance of molecular
characters and more carefully examined morphological characters suggests a future of greater taxonomic stability, as well as
the potential to trace the evolutionary history of this ecologically important group using fossils.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QK Botany
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Scleractinia -- Genetics, Scleractinia -- Evolution, Corallimorpharia -- Genetics
Journal or Publication Title:	PL o S One
Publisher:	Public Library of Science
ISSN:	1932-6203
Official Date:	16 September 2008
Dates:	Date Event 16 September 2008 Published
Volume:	Vol.3
Number:	No.9
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0003222
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Funder:	National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF), Zhong yang yan jiu yuan [Academia Sinica (Taipei, Taiwan)], Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkōkai [Japan Society for the Promotion of Science] (NGS)
Grant number:	DEB0344310 (NSF), 0343208 (NSF), 18770013 (JSPS), 0531779 (NSF)

Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge

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