Rezlescu, Constantin, Duchaine, Brad, Olivola, Christopher Yves and Chater, Nick (2012) Unfakeable facial configurations affect strategic choices in trust games with or without information about past behavior. PLoS ONE, Vol.7 (No.3). e34293. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034293 ISSN 1932-6203.

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Abstract

Background
Many human interactions are built on trust, so widespread confidence in first impressions generally favors individuals with trustworthy-looking appearances. However, few studies have explicitly examined: 1) the contribution of unfakeable facial features to trust-based decisions, and 2) how these cues are integrated with information about past behavior.

Methodology/Principal Findings
Using highly controlled stimuli and an improved experimental procedure, we show that unfakeable facial features associated with the appearance of trustworthiness attract higher investments in trust games. The facial trustworthiness premium is large for decisions based solely on faces, with trustworthy identities attracting 42% more money (Study 1), and remains significant though reduced to 6% when reputational information is also available (Study 2). The face trustworthiness premium persists with real (rather than virtual) currency and when higher payoffs are at stake (Study 3).

Conclusions/Significance
Our results demonstrate that cooperation may be affected not only by controllable appearance cues (e.g., clothing, facial expressions) as shown previously, but also by features that are impossible to mimic (e.g., individual facial structure). This unfakeable face trustworthiness effect is not limited to the rare situations where people lack any information about their partners, but survives in richer environments where relevant details about partner past behavior are available.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions:	Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Behavioural Science
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Reliability, First impression (Psychology), Face, Trust
Journal or Publication Title:	PLoS ONE
Publisher:	PLOS
ISSN:	1932-6203
Official Date:	March 2012
Dates:	Date Event March 2012 Published
Volume:	Vol.7
Number:	No.3
Page Range:	e34293
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0034293
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	20 December 2015
Date of first compliant Open Access:	20 December 2015
Funder:	University College, London. ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (ELSE), AXA Group. Research Fund, Royal Society (Great Britain), British Academy (BA), Royal Academy of Engineering (Great Britain)

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