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Factors associated with changes of state of foot conformation and lameness in a flock of sheep

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Kaler, Jasmeet, Medley, Graham, Grogono-Thomas, Rosemary, Wellington, E. M. H. (Elizabeth M. H.), 1954-, Calvo-Bado, Leo A., Wassink, Geert J., King, Elisabeth M., Moore, L. J., Russell, Claire L. and Green, Laura E.. (2010) Factors associated with changes of state of foot conformation and lameness in a flock of sheep. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Vol.97 (No.3/4). pp. 237-244. ISSN 0167-5877

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.09.019

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate transitions between foot conformation, lameness and footrot in sheep. Data came from one lowland flock of approximately 700 ewes studied for 18 months. Multilevel multistate analyses of transitions between good and poor foot conformation states in ewes, and lame and non-lame states in ewes and lambs were conducted. Key results were that the longer sheep had feet in good conformation, the more likely they were to stay in this state; similarly, the longer a ewe was not lame the more likely she was not to become lame. Ewes with poor foot conformation were more likely to become lame (OR: 1.83 (1.24-2.67)) and to be > 4 years (OR: 1.50(1.09-2.05)). Ewes with footrot were less likely to move to good foot conformation (OR: 0.48 (0.31-0.75)) and were more likely to become lame (OR: 3.81(2.60-5.59)). Ewes lame for > 4 days and not treated with parenteral antibacterials had a higher risk of developing (OR: 2.00 (1.08-3.61)), or remaining in (OR: 0.49 (0.29-0.95)) poor foot conformation compared with ewes never lame. Treatment of ewes lame with footrot with parenteral antibacterials increased the probability of transition from a lame to a non-lame state (OR: 1.46 (1.05-2.02)) and these ewes, even if lame for > 4 days, were not more likely to develop poor foot conformation. The risk of a ewe becoming lame increased when at least one of her offspring was lame (OR: 2.03 (1.42-2.92)) and when the prevalence of lameness in the group was ≥ 5% (OR: 1.42 (1.06-1.92)). Lambs were at increased risk of becoming lame when they were male (OR: 1.42 (1.01-2.01)), single (OR: 1.86 (1.34-2.59)) or had a lame dam or sibling (OR: 3.10 (1.81-5.32)). There were no explanatory variables associated with lambs recovering from lameness. We conclude that poor foot conformation in ewes increases the susceptibility of ewes to become lame and that this can arise from untreated footrot. Treatment of ewes lame with footrot with parenteral antibacterials leads to recovery from lameness and prevents or resolves poor foot conformation which then reduces the susceptibility to further lameness with footrot.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010) Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Lameness in sheep, Footrot in sheep, Sheep -- Conformation
Journal or Publication Title:	Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
ISSN:	0167-5877
Official Date:	1 December 2010
Volume:	Vol.97
Number:	No.3/4
Page Range:	pp. 237-244
Identification Number:	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.09.019
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Great Britain. Dept. for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
Grant number:	AW 0121 (DEFRA), BBE01870X1 (BBSRC)
References:	Beveridge, W.I.B., 1941. Footrot in sheep: A transmissible disease due to infection with Fusiformis nodosus. Studies on its cause, epidemiology and control. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin No. 140. Dohoo, I., Martin, W., and Stryhn, H., 2003. Veterinary Epidemiologic Research (1st ed.), AVC Inc., Prince Edward Island, Canada. Egerton, J.R., Roberts, D.S., Parsonson, I.M., 1969. The aetiology and pathogenesis of ovine footrot. I. A histological study of the bacterial invasion. J. Comp. Pathol. 81, 179-185. Egerton J.R., Yong, W.K., Riffkin, G.G. 1989. Foot Rot and Foot Abscess of Ruminants, CRC. Goldstein, H., Pan, H., Bynner, J., 2004. A flexible procedure for analyzing longitudinal event histories using a multilevel model. Understanding statistics 3, 85-89. Hawker, E.M., 2008. An intervention study to minimise footrot in sheep. MSc. University of Warwick. Kaler, J., Green, L.E., 2008a. Naming and recognition of six foot lesions of sheep using written and pictorial information: A study of 809 English sheep farmers. Prev. Vet. Med. 83, 52-64. Kaler, J., Green, L.E., 2008b. Recognition of lameness and decisions to catch for inspection among farmers and sheep specialists in GB. BMC Veterinary Research 4, 41. Kaler, J., Wassink, G.J., Green, L.E., 2009. The inter- and intra-observer reliability of a locomotion scoring scale for sheep. The Veterinary Journal 180(2), 189-94. Kaler, J., Daniels, S.L.S., Wright, J.L., Green, L.E., 2010. Randomised clinical trial of long acting oxytetracycline, foot trimming and flunixine meglumine on time to recovery in sheep with footrot. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 24(2). 420-5 Rasbash, J., Browne, W., Goldstein, H., Yang, M., Plewis, I., Healy, M., Woodhouse, G., Draper, D., Langford. I., Lewis, T., 2000. A user's guide to MLwiN version 2.1d for use with MLwiN 1.10, Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Institute of Education, University of London. Steele, F., Goldstein H., Browne, W., 2004. A general multilevel multistate competing risks model for event history data, with an application to a study of contraceptive use dynamics. Journal of Statsitical Modelling 4(2), 145-159. Wassink, G.J., Grogono-Thomas, R., Moore, L.J., Green, L.E., 2003. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of footrot in sheep from 1999 to 2000. Vet. Rec. 152, 351-358. Wassink, G.J., Hawker, E.M., Grogono-Thomas, R., Brown, J.C., Moore, L.J., Green, L.E., 2010. A within farm clinical trial to compare two treatments (parenteral antibacterials and hoof trimming) for sheep lame with footrot. Prev. Vet. Med. 96, 93-103.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/4452