Kempton, Matthew J., Ettinger, Ulrich, Foster, Russell, Williams, Steven C. R., Calvert, Gemma A., Hampshire, Adam, Zelaya, Fernando O., O'Gorman, Ruth L., McMorris, Terry, Owen, Adrian M. and Smith, Marcus S.. (2011) Dehydration affects brain structure and function in healthy adolescents. Human Brain Mapping, Vol.32 (No.1). pp. 71-79. ISSN 1065-9471

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Abstract

It was recently observed that dehydration causes shrinkage of brain tissue and an associated increase in ventricular volume. Negative effects of dehydration on cognitive performance have been shown in some but not all studies, and it has also been reported that an increased perceived effort may be required following dehydration. However, the effects of dehydration on brain function are unknown. We investigated this question using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 10 healthy adolescents (mean age = 16.8, five females). Each subject completed a thermal exercise protocol and nonthermal exercise control condition in a cross-over repeated measures design. Subjects lost more weight via perspiration in the thermal exercise versus the control condition (P < 0.0001), and lateral ventricle enlargement correlated with the reduction in body mass (r = 0.77, P = 0.01). Dehydration following the thermal exercise protocol led to a significantly stronger increase in fronto-parietal blood-oxygen- level-dependent (BOLD) response during an executive function task (Tower of London) than the control condition, whereas cerebral perfusion during rest was not affected. The increase in BOLD response after dehydration was not paralleled by a change in cognitive performance, suggesting an inefficient use of brain metabolic activity following dehydration. This pattern indicates that participants exerted a higher level of neuronal activity in order to achieve the same performance level. Given the limited availability of brain metabolic resources, these findings suggest that prolonged states of reduced water intake may adversely impact executive functions such as planning and visuo-spatial processing. Hum Brain Mapp 32: 71-79, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry R Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Journal or Publication Title:	Human Brain Mapping
Publisher:	John Wiley and Sons
ISSN:	1065-9471
Date:	January 2011
Volume:	Vol.32
Number:	No.1
Number of Pages:	9
Page Range:	pp. 71-79
Identification Number:	10.1002/hbm.20999
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Water for Work and Home, Neurosense Limited, Newcomen Group, NIHR (National Institute for Health Research) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, South London, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, radiographic team at the Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, NIHR (National Institute for Health Research)
Grant number:	ET 31/2-1 (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/4590

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