Bradby, Hannah, 1966-. (2010) Institutional racism in mental health services : the consequences of compromised conceptualisation. Sociological Research Online, Volume 15 (Number 3). ISSN 1360-7804

Full text not available from this repository.

Abstract

Inequalities in mental health service use and outcome in the British NHS have been attributed to institutional racism. Institutional racism is widely understood in terms of the definition published in the Macpherson report, despite critique of its inability to differentiate the role of individual and institution in discrimination, and weakness in distinguishing racism from other forms of discrimination. The inquiry into David Bennett's death declared the NHS to be institutionally racist, and, although still contested, this has been widely accepted. Poor conceptualisation and the endemic failure to demonstrate how institutional racism leads to iniquitous outcomes can be seen in recommendations to tackle it through individual education. Policy based on a compromised conceptualisation of institutional racism is unlikely to reduce racialised inequalities and, in the face of progress for ethnic minorities else-where, may lead to the conclusion that discrimination is no longer a problem. In the light of recent shifts in what is implied by institutional racism, suggestions for research towards a re-conceptualisation are made.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HM Sociology R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Social Sciences > Sociology
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Discrimination in mental health services -- Great Britain, Mental health services -- Great Britain, Race discrimination -- Great Britain, Great Britain. National Health Service
Journal or Publication Title:	Sociological Research Online
Publisher:	Sage Publications Ltd.
ISSN:	1360-7804
Date:	31 August 2010
Volume:	Volume 15
Number:	Number 3
Number of Pages:	11
Identification Number:	10.5153/sro.2197
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
References:	ALLEN, S. (1973) ‘The Institutionalization of Racism.’ Race and Class 15: 99-106. doi: 10.1177/030639687301500106. [doi:10.1177/030639687301500106] ANTHIAS, F. (1990) ‘Race and Class Revisited: Conceptualising Race and Racisms.’ Sociological Review , 38(1): 19-42. [doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.1990.tb00846.x] ANTHIAS, F. (1999) ‘Institutional Racism, Power and Accountability’. Sociological Research Online, 4: 1. <http://www.socresoline.org.uk./4/lawrence/anthias.html> [doi:10.5153/sro.239] BENNETTO, J. (2009) 'Police and Racism: What has been achieved 10 years after the Stephen Lawrence inquiry report?' London: Equality and Human Rights Commission.? <http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/raceinbritain/policeandracism.pdf> BBC (2003) The Secret Policeman, broadcast Tuesday 21st October < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3203287.stm> BONILLA-SILVA, E. (2006). Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. BURGESS, D., VAN RYN, M., DOVIDIO, J. and SAHA, S. (2007) ‘Reducing racial bias among health care providers: lessons from social-cognitive psychology.’ Journal of General Internal Medicine , 22, 6, 882-887. [doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0160-1] BRADBY, H. (2003) ‘Describing ethnicity in health research’ Ethnicity and Health 8(1) 5-13. [doi:10.1080/13557850303555] BRADBY, H. and NAZROO, J. (2010) ‘Health, ethnicity and race’ pg 113-129 in William C Cockerham (ed.) The New Companion to Medical Sociology Malden MA: Blackwell. BRADBY, H., VARYANI, M., OGELTHORPE, R., RAINE, W., WHITE, I. and MINNIS. H. (2007) ‘British Asian families and the use of child and adolescent mental health services: a qualitative study of a hard to reach group.’ Social Science and Medicine 65(12) 2413-24. [doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.025] BRIDGES, L. (2001) 'Race, law and the state.' Race And Class 43(2), 61 - 76. [doi:10.1177/0306396801432005] CARMICHAEL, S. and HAMILTON, C.V. (1969) Black Power: the politics of liberation in America . Harmondsworth: Penguin. CATHCART, B. (1999) The Case of Stephen Lawrence . London: Viking. COCHRANE, R. and STOPES-ROE, M. (1977) 'Psychological and social adjustment of Asian immigrants to Britain: a community survey.' Social Psychiatry 2: 195-206. [doi:10.1007/BF00578139] COCHRANE, R. and STOPES-ROE, M. (1981a) 'Psychological symptom levels in Indian immigrants to Britain: a community survey.' Psychological Medicine 2: 319-327. [doi:10.1017/S0033291700052132] COCHRANE, R. and STOPES-ROE, M. (1981b) 'Psychological symptom levels in Indian immigrants to England - a comparison with native English.' Psychological Medicine 2: 319-327. [doi:10.1017/S0033291700052132] COCHRANE, R. and BAL, S.S. (1987) 'Migration and schizophrenia: an examination of five hypotheses.' Social Psychiatry 2: 181-191. [doi:10.1007/BF00583553] COCHRANE, R. and BAL, S.S. (1989) 'Mental hospital admission rates of immigrants to England: a comparison of 1971 and 1981.' Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2: 2-11. [doi:10.1007/BF01788193] COCKERHAM, W.C. (2001) Medical Sociology and Sociological Theory. Pages 3-22 in The Black well Companion to Medical Sociology. Ed William C Cockerham. Malden MA: Blackwell. COMMISSION FOR HEALTHCARE AUDIT AND INSPECTION (2007) Count me in. Results of the 2006 national census of inpatients in mental health and learning disability services in England and Wales. London: Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection. <http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Count_Me_In_2006.pdf> COMMISSION FOR HEALTHCARE AUDIT AND INSPECTION (2005) Count me in. Results of a national census of inpatients in mental health hospitals and facilities in England and Wales. London: Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection. <http://www.psychminded.co.uk/news/news2005/dec05/Countmein.pdf> COOPER, R. (1984) 'A note on the biologic concept of race and its application in epidemiologic research. American Heart Journal, 2, 715-723. [doi:10.1016/0002-8703(84)90662-8] DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2005) Delivering race equality in mental health care: an action plan for reform inside and outside services and the government’s response to the independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. London: Department of Health. <http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/10/07/75/04100775.pdf> DELSOL, R. and SHINER, M. (2006) ‘Regulating stop and search: a challenge for police and community relations in England and Wales.’ Critical criminology 14: 241-263. doi: 10.1007/s10612-9013-1 [doi:10.1007/s10612-006-9013-1] DURKHEIM, E. (1897 (1951)) Suicide: A Study in Sociology . New York: The Free Press. DYER, R. (1997) White: Essays on Race and Culture. London: Routledge. ELKAN, R., AVIS, M., COX, K., WILSON, E., PATEL, S., MILLER, S., DEEPAK, N., EDWARDS, C., STANISZEWSKA, S. and KAI, J. (2007) ‘The reported views and experiences of cancer service users from minority ethnic groups: a critical review of the literature.’ European Journal of Cancer Care 16 ( 2): 109- 121. ESSED, P. (1991) Understanding Everyday Racism . London: Sage. ESMAIL, A. (2004) ‘The prejudices of good people.’ British Medical Journal . June 19; 328(7454): 1448 –1449. doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1448. FOSTER, J. (2008) “It might have been incompetent, but it wasn't racist': murder detectives' perceptions of the Lawrence Inquiry and its impact on homicide investigation in London.’ Policing and Society 18 (2): 89- 112. [doi:10.1080/10439460802008579] GRIFFITH, D.M., MASON, M., YONAS, M., ENG, E., JEFFRIES, V., PLIHCIK, S. and PARKS, B. (2007) ‘Dismantling institutional racism: theory and action.’ American Journal of Community Psychology 39:381 –392. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9117-0 HOLDAWAY, S. and O'NEILL, M. (2007) 'Where has all the racism gone? Views of racism within constabularies after Macpherson.', Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (3): 397- 415. [doi:10.1080/01419870701217480] JENKINS, R. (1997) Rethink ing Ethnicity . London: Sage. JENKINS, R. (2002) Pierre Bordieu. 2nd edition. Routledge: Abingdon. KYRIAKIDES, C. and VIRDEE, S. (2003) ‘Migrant Labour, Racism and the British National Health Service.’ Ethnicity and Health 8(4): 283–305. [doi:10.1080/13557850310001631731] LEWONTIN, R.C. (1993) The Doctrine of DNA . London, Penguin. MACPHERSON, W. (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: report of an inquiry by Sir William Macpherson of Cluny. London. Home Office Cm 4262-I. <http://www.archive.officialdocuments. co.uk/document/cm42/4262/4262.htm> MCKENZIE, K. and BHUI, K. (2007) ‘Better mental healthcare for minority ethnic groups – moving away from the blame game and putting patients first: Commentary on Institutional racism in psychiatry.’ Psychiatric Bulletin 31: 368-369. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.107.017145 [doi:10.1192/pb.bp.107.017145] MCKENZIE, K. and BHUI, K. (2007) ‘Editorial: Institutional racism in mental health care.’ British Medical Journal 334: 649-650 (31 March). doi: 10.1136/bmj.39163.395972.80 MASON, D. (1982) ‘After Scarman: A Note on the Concept of Institutional Racism.’ New Community X (1): 38-45. MASON, D. (1994) 'On the Dangers of Disconnecting Race and Racism.’ Sociology 28(4): 845 - 859. [doi:10.1177/0038038594028004003] MILES, R. (1989) Racism. London Routledge. MURJI, K. (2007) ‘Sociological Engagements: Institutional Racism and Sociology.’ Sociology 41(5): 843-55. doi: 10.1177/0038038507080440 [doi:10.1177/0038038507080440] NORFOLK, SUFFOLK AND CAMBRIDGESHIRE STRATEGIC HEALTH AUTHORITY (2003) Independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire Strategic health Authority. <http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Society/documents/2004/02/12/Bennett.pdf> O'GRADY, A., BALMER, N., CARTER, B., PLEASENCE, P., BUCK, A. GENN, H. (2005) 'Institutional Racism and Civil Justice.' Ethnic and Racial Studies , 28(4): 620 - 628. [doi:10.1080/01419870500092514] PILKINGTON, A. (2008) ‘From institutional racism to community cohesion: the changing nature of racial discourse in Britain.’ Sociological Research Online, 13 (1) <http://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/3/6.html> RHODES, J. (2009) ‘Revisiting the 2001 Riots: New Labour and the Rise of 'Colour Blind Racism.'’ Sociological Research Online 14 (5) <http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/5/3.html> [doi:10.5153/sro.2048] ROSE, N. (2007) The Politics of Life Itself . Princeton: Princeton University Press. relationship between mental health services and African and Caribbean communities. London: Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health. <http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/Breaking_the_Circles_of_Fear.pdf> SAINSBURY CENTRE FOR MENTAL HEALTH (2006) Policy Paper 6: The Costs of Race Inequality . London: Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health. <http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/costs_of_race_inequality_policy_paper_6.pdf> SAHLINS, M. (1981) Historical methaphors and mythical realities . Ann Arbour: University of Michigan Press. SASHIDHARAN, S.P. (2003) Inside Outside: Improving mental health services for black and minority ethnic communities in England. London: Department of Health. SINGH, S.P. and BURNS, T. (2006) ‘Race and mental health: there is more to race than racism.’ British Medical Journal 333: 648-651 (23 September). doi:10.1136/bmj.38930.501516.BE STIVERS, T. and MAJID, A. (2007) ‘Questioning Children: Interactional Evidence of Implicit Bias in Medical Interviews.’ Social Psychology Quarterly 70 (4): 424–441. [doi:10.1177/019027250707000410] TAYLOR, D.H. and ESMAIL, A. (1999) ‘Retrospective analysis of census data on general practitioners who qualified in South Asia: who will replace them as they retire?’ British Medical Journal . January 30; 318(7179): 306–310.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/4663

Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge

Request changes to a record

Actions (login required)

View Item