Jones, J. R., Lin, S., Yue, S., Lee, P. D., Hanna, John V., Smith, Mark E. and Newport, R. J.. (2010) Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone regeneration and their hierarchical characterisation. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings. Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, Vol.224 (No.12 Sp. Iss. SI). pp. 1373-1387. ISSN 0954-4119

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Abstract

Scaffolds are needed that can act as temporary templates for bone regeneration and actively stimulate vascularized bone growth so that bone grafting is no longer necessary. To achieve this, the scaffold must have a suitable interconnected pore network and be made of an osteogenic material. Bioactive glass is an ideal material because it rapidly bonds to bone and degrades over time, releasing soluble silica and calcium ions that are thought to stimulate osteoprogenitor cells. Melt-derived bioactive glasses, such as the original Bioglass (R) composition, are available commercially, but porous scaffolds have been difficult to produce because Bioglass and similar compositions crystallize on sintering. Sol-gel foam scaffolds have been developed that avoid this problem. They have a hierarchical pore structure comprising interconnected macropores, with interconnect diameters in excess of the 100 mm that is thought to be needed for vascularized bone ingrowth, and an inherent nanoporosity of interconnected mesopores (2-50 nm) which is beneficial for the attachment of osteoprogenitor cells. They also have a compressive strength in the range of cancellous bone. This paper describes the optimized sol-gel foaming process and illustrates the importance of optimizing the hierarchical structure from the atomic through nano, to the macro scale with respect to biological response.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Physics
Journal or Publication Title:	Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings. Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine
Publisher:	Sage Publications Ltd.
ISSN:	0954-4119
Date:	2010
Volume:	Vol.224
Number:	No.12 Sp. Iss. SI
Number of Pages:	15
Page Range:	pp. 1373-1387
Identification Number:	10.1243/09544119JEIM836
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Royal Academy of Engineering, Philip Leverhulme Prize
Grant number:	GR/T26344, EP/E057098/1, EP/050611/1, EP/E051669/1, GR/R57492, EP/C004671/1
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/4732

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