Mallick, Kajal (2009) Processing of porous bone scaffolds by freeze casting. In: 7th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR09), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K., Sep 8-10, 2009. Published in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR09) pp. 463-468.

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Abstract

Many current approaches to conventional fabrication techniques in producing porous scaffold structures for hard tissue augmentation often met with difficulty in controlling variously oriented pore structures and interconnectivity. The present study developed and compares two novel freeze casting methods using camphene and a mixture of water and glycerol in the manufacture of 3-D networked porous structures of Bioglass and hydroxyapatite. It was possible to control the development of coralline-like pore microstructure by optimization of the process parameters such as mould temperature (0 to -196°C), temperature of freezing vehicle, glycerol concentration (5-40 wt%) and temperature gradient driving the solidification and/or sublimation. DTA-TGA, XRD, density, and SEM analysis of bioscaffolds, air sintered up to 1100°C, showed monotonic correlations between porosity, pore size, orientation and solid loading (10-70%). A maximum porosity of 90% was achieved for porous constructs with both micro and macropores between 2 and 120μm, a clinically viable range that is amenable for bone ingrowth and revascularization. At high temperatures up to 950°C the degree of surface crystallization of a Na2Ca2Si3O9 phase was minimal and appears not to inhibit the formation of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) which is regarded as an indicator of bioactivity. Micro-CT analysis corroborated with values for pore structures determined by mercury porosimetry with a variation of 6%.

Item Type:	Conference Item (Paper)
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Journal or Publication Title:	Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR09)
Publisher:	University of Warwick
Official Date:	2009
Dates:	Date Event 2009 Published
Page Range:	pp. 463-468
Status:	Not Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Conference Paper Type:	Paper
Title of Event:	7th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR09)
Type of Event:	Conference
Location of Event:	University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.
Date(s) of Event:	Sep 8-10, 2009

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