The Library

Synthesis of bioactive class II poly(gamma-glutamic acid)/silica hybrids for bone regeneration

Tools

Poologasundarampillai, Gowsihan, Ionescu, Claudia, Tsigkou, Olga, Murugesan, Muthu, Hill, Robert G., Stevens, Molly M., Hanna, John V., Smith, Mark E. and Jones, Julian R.. (2010) Synthesis of bioactive class II poly(gamma-glutamic acid)/silica hybrids for bone regeneration. Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol.20 (No.40). pp. 8952-8961. ISSN 0959-9428

Preview

PDF
WRAP_Smith_9774456-vcs_office-041211-gowsihan_et_al_final2.pdf - Accepted Version - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Download (8Mb)

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00930j

Abstract

Bone grafts are commonly used to regenerate bone in defect sites resulting from disease or trauma but there is clinical need for artificial materials that will be readily available and reduce pain and recovery time for the patient. Current artificial bone graft materials include bioactive ceramics and glasses, which are too brittle for bone defects that experience cyclic load. The synthesis of a new nanocomposite material is described that has the potential of being a tough off-the-shelf artificial bone graft that can regenerate a bone defect and have enough flexibility to press-fit into place. The poly(gamma-glutamic acid)/bioactive silica hybrid material with composition 40 wt% organic and 60 wt% bioactive inorganic (composition 70 mol% SiO2 and 30 mol% CaO) was synthesised using a sol-gel route. The potential advantage of a hybrid material over conventional composites is the molecular scale interactions between the bioactive inorganic and the tough degradable organic. The organic and inorganic chains were covalently cross-linked using an organosilane that has an organic functionality to bond to poly( g-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) and an alkoxysilane group that condenses with the inorganic phase. The covalent cross-linking (class II hybrid) is required to control the dissolution and improve mechanical properties of the material. The two key variables, the concentration of cross-linking agent and the addition of calcium, were investigated by Si-29 solid-state NMR and electron microscopy. The hybrid materials were bioactive in simulated body fluid (SBF) with a hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer detected after immersion for 72 h. The hybrid material favours cell attachment and is not cytotoxic as demonstrated by culture of the osteosarcoma cell line SaOs-2 on the material for 4 days.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Administration > Vice Chancellor's Office Faculty of Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Bone-grafting, Bone substitutes, Nanocomposites (Materials)
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Materials Chemistry
Publisher:	Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN:	0959-9428
Date:	2010
Volume:	Vol.20
Number:	No.40
Number of Pages:	10
Page Range:	pp. 8952-8961
Identification Number:	10.1039/c0jm00930j
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), European Research Council (ERC), Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (FP7), Leverhulme Trust (LT)
Grant number:	EP/E057098/1 (EPSRC), EP/051669/1 (EPSRC)
References:	1 A. A. Jahangir, M. R. Nunley, S. Mehta, A. Sharan and W. H. P. Fellows, in AAOS Now, ed. S. Terry Canale, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Illinois, USA, 2008, p. 5. 2 C. R. Perry, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 1999, 457, 71–86. 3 C. Laurencin, Y. Khan and S. F. El-Amin, Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 2006, 3, 49–57. 4 H. Oonishi, S. Kushitani, E. Yasukawa, H. Iwaki, L. L. Hench, J. Wilson, E. I. Tsuji and T. Sugihara, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 1997, 455, 316–325. 5 J.-Y. Rho, L. Kuhn-Spearing and P. Zioupos, Med. Eng. Phys., 1998, 20, 92–102. 6 C. Z. Liu and J. T. Czernuszka, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2007, 23, 379– 391. 7 J. R. Jones, L. M. Ehrenfried and L. L. Hench, Biomaterials, 2006, 27, 964–973. 8 J. R. Jones, P. D. Lee and L. L. Hench, Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A, 2006, 364, 263–281. 9 R. Langer, MRS Bull., 2006, 31, 477–485. 10 L. L. Hench and J. M. Polak, Science, 2002, 295, 1014–1017. 11 L. L. Hench and J. R. Jones, Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington, 2005. 12 C. E. Holy, J. A. Fialkov, J. E. Davies and M. S. Shoichet, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2003, 65, 447–453. 13 X. Liu and P. X. Ma, Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2004, 32, 477–486. 14 E. S. Place, J. S. George, C. K. Williams and M. M. Stevens, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 1139–1151. 15 E. S. Place, N. D. Evans and M. M. Stevens, Nat. Mater., 2009, 8, 457–470. 16 Z. Xiong, Y. N. Yan, S. G. Wang, R. J. Zhang and C. Zhang, Scr. Mater., 2002, 46, 771–776. 17 J. Blaker and A. Boccaccini, Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 2005, 2, 303– 317. 18 Y. Cai and R. Tang, J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 18, 3775–3787. 19 S. K. Misra, D. Mohn, T. J. Brunner, W. J. Stark, S. E. Philip, I. Roy, S. V. Salih, J. C. Knowles and A. R. Boccaccini, Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 1750–1761. 20 O. Mahony and J. R. Jones, Nanomedicine, 2008, 3, 233–245. 21 M. M. Stevens, Mater. Today, 2008, 11, 18–25. 22 J. R. Jones, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2009, 29, 1275–1281. 23 P. Saravanapavan and L. L. Hench, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2001, 54, 608–618. 24 L. L. Hench, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 1997, 2, 604–610. 25 S. K. Young, G. C. Gemeinhardt, J. W. Sherman, R. F. Storey, K. A. Mauritz, D. A. Schiraldi, A. Polyakova, A. Hiltner and E. Baer, Polymer, 2002, 43, 6101–6114. 26 D. Tian, P. Dubois and R. Jerome, J. Polym. Sci., PartA: Polym. Chem., 1997, 35, 2295–2309. 27 T. Ogoshi and Y. Chujo, J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, 315–322. 28 M. Vallet-Regi and D. Arcos, Curr. Nanosci., 2006, 2, 179–189. 29 M. M. Pereira, J. R. Jones, R. L. Orefice and L. L. Hench, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 2005, 16, 1045–1050. 30 L. Ren, K. Tsuru, S. Hayakawa and A. Osaka, Biomaterials, 2002, 23, 4765–4773. 31 P. Judeinstein, P. W. Oliveira, H. Krug and H. Schmidt, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 220, 35–39. 32 B. M. Novak, Adv. Mater., 1993, 5, 422–433. 33 N. Husing, U. Schubert, K. Misof and P. Fratzl, Chem. Mater., 1998, 10, 3024–3032. 34 L. Ren, K. Tsuru, S. Hayakawa and A. Osaka, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2001, 21, 115–121. 35 K. Fan, D. Gonzales and M. Sevoian, J. Environ. Polym. Degrad., 1996, 4, 253–260. 36 A. Sugino, T. Myiyazaki and C. Ohtsuki, Key Eng. Mater., 2007, 330– 332, 683–686. 37 G. K. Hunter and H. A. Goldberg, Biochem. J., 1994, 302, 175–179. 38 O. Mahony, O. Tsigkou, C. Ionescu, C. Minelli, R. Hanly, L. Ling, M. E. Smith, M. M. Stevens and J. R. Jones, Adv. Funct. Mater., DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201000838. 39 S. Lin, C. Ionescu, K. J. Pike, M. E. Smith and J. R. Jones, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 1276–1282. 40 C. J. Brinker, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1988, 100, 31–50. 41 K. Sing, D. Everett, R. Haul, L. Moscou, R. Pierotti, J. Rouquerol and T. Siemieniewska, Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57, 603–619. 42 S. J. Gregg and K. S. W. Sing, Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, Academic Press, 1967. 43 I. D. Xynos, A. J. Edgar, L. D. Buttery, L. L. Hench and J. M. Polak, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2001, 55, 151–157. 44 K. J. D. Mackenzie and M. E. Smith, Multinuclear Solid State NMR of Inorganic Materials, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 2002. 45 D. Massiot, F. Fayon, M. Capron, B. Alonso, J. O. Durand, B. Bujoli, Z. Gan and G. Hoatson, Magn. Reson. Chem., 2002, 40, 70–76. 46 C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, Sol–Gel Science: the Physics and Chemistry of Sol–Gel Processing, Academic Press, San Diego, 1990. 47 M. Navarro, Ordered Polymeric Nanostructures at Surfaces, 2006, vol. 200, pp. 209–231. 48 B. Fowler, Inorg. Chem., 1974, 13, 194–207. 49 D. S. Brauer, N. Karpukhina, M. D. O’Donnell, R. V. Law and R. G. Hill, Acta Biomater., 2010, 6, 3275–3282. 50 S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett and E. Teller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 309–319. 51 P. E. Barrett, G. L. Joyner and P. P. Halenda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 41, 373–380. 52 T. Kokubo, H. Kushitani, S. Sakka, T. Kitsugi and T. Yamamuro, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1990, 24, 721–734.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/5077