Bruce, J. (Julie), Thornton, A. J. (Alison J.), Scott, N. W. (Neil W.), Marfizo, S., Powell, R. (Rachael), Johnston, Marie, Wells, Mary, MSc, Heys, Steven (Steven D.) and Thompson, Alastair M.. (2012) Chronic preoperative pain and psychological robustness predict acute postoperative pain outcomes after surgery for breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, Vol.107 (No.6). pp. 937-946. ISSN 0007-0920

Text WRAP_Bruce_bjc2012341a.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 6 September 2013. Download (554Kb)

Abstract

Background: Few epidemiological studies have prospectively investigated preoperative and surgical risk factors for acute postoperative pain after surgery for breast cancer. We investigated demographic, psychological, pain-related and surgical risk factors in women undergoing resectional surgery for breast cancer. Methods: Primary outcomes were pain severity, at rest (PAR) and movement-evoked pain (MEP), in the first postoperative week. Results: In 338 women undergoing surgery, those with chronic preoperative pain were three times more likely to report moderate to severe MEP after breast cancer surgery (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.45–6.99). Increased psychological ‘robustness’, a composite variable representing positive affect and dispositional optimism, was associated with lower intensity acute postoperative PAR (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48–0.82) and MEP (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.93). Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and intraoperative nerve division were associated with reduced postoperative pain. No relationship was found between preoperative neuropathic pain and acute pain outcomes; altered sensations and numbness postoperatively were more common after axillary sample or clearance compared with SLNB. Conclusion: Chronic preoperative pain, axillary surgery and psychological robustness significantly predicted acute pain outcomes after surgery for breast cancer. Preoperative identification and targeted intervention of subgroups at risk could enhance the recovery trajectory in cancer survivors.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RD Surgery
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Breast -- Cancer -- Surgery, Postoperative pain -- Susceptibility
Journal or Publication Title:	British Journal of Cancer
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	0007-0920
Date:	2012
Volume:	Vol.107
Number:	No.6
Page Range:	pp. 937-946
Identification Number:	10.1038/bjc.2012.341
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Funder:	Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
Grant number:	C23143/A7531 (CRUK)
References:	Aasvang EK, Hansen JB, Kehlet H (2009) Pre-operative pain and sensory function in groin hernia. Eur J Pain 13(10): 1018–1022 Andersen KG, Kehlet H (2011) Persistent pain after breast cancer treatment: a critical review of risk factors and strategies for prevention. J Pain 12(7): 725–746 Attal N, Lanteri-Minet M, Laurent B, Fermanian J, Bouhassira D (2011) The specific disease burden of neuropathic pain: results of a French nationwide survey. Pain 152(12): 2836–2843 Baron RH, Fey JV, Borgen PI, Stempel MM, Hardick KR, Van Zee KJ (2007) Eighteen sensations after breast cancer surgery: a 5-year comparison of sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection. Ann Surg Oncol 14(5): 1653–1661 Bennett MI, Smith BH, Torrance N, Potter J (2005) The S-LANSS score for identifying pain of predominantly neuropathic origin: validation for use in clinical and postal research. J Pain 6(3): 149–158 Bouhassira D, Attal N (2009) All in one: is it possible to assess all dimensions of any pain with a simple questionnaire? Pain 144(1-2): 7–8 Bouhassira D, Attal N, Alchaar H, Boureau F, Brochet B, Bruxelle J, Cunin G, Fermanian J, Ginies P, Grun-Overdyking A, Jafari-Schluep H, Lante´ri-Minet M, Laurent B, Mick G, Serrie A, Valade D, Vicaut E (2005) Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4). Pain 114(1-2): 29–36 Broadbent E, Petrie KJ, Alley PG, Booth RJ (2003) Psychological stress impairs early wound repair following surgery. Psychosom Med 65(5): 865–869 Bruce J, Drury N, Poobalan AS, Jeffrey RR, Smith WC, Chambers WA (2003) The prevalence of chronic chest and leg pain following cardiac surgery: a historical cohort study. Pain 104(1-2): 265–273 Bruce J, Poobalan AS, Smith WC, Chambers WA (2004) Quantitative assessment of chronic postsurgical pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Clin J Pain 20(2): 70–75 Cancer Research UK (2011) Statistics for breast cancer. In Cancer Help UK Vol. 2012. CRUK: London Cleeland CS, Ryan KM (1994) Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Ann Acad Med 23(2): 129–138 Fecho K, Miller NR, Merritt SA, Klauber-Demore N, Hultman CS, Blau WS (2009) Acute and persistent postoperative pain after breast surgery. Pain Med 10(4): 708–715 Fleissig A, Fallowfield LJ, Langridge CI, Johnson L, Newcombe RG, Dixon JM, Kissin M, Mansel RE (2006) Post-operative arm morbidity and quality of life. Results of the ALMANAC randomised trial comparing sentinel node biopsy with standard axillary treatment in the management of patients with early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 95(3): 279–293 Ganz PA, Kwan L, Stanton AL, Bower JE, Belin TR (2011) Physical and psychosocial recovery in the year after primary treatment of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 29(9): 1101–1109 Ga¨rtner R, Jensen MB, Nielsen J, Ewertz M, Kroman N, Kehlet H (2009) Prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain following breast cancer surgery. JAMA 302(18): 1985–1992 Gerbershagen HJ, Dagtekin O, Gaertner J, Petzke F, Heidenreich A, Sabatowski R, Ozgu¨r E (2010) Preoperative chronic pain in radical prostatectomy patients: preliminary evidence for enhanced susceptibility to surgically induced pain. Eur J Anaesthesiol 27(5): 448–454 Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Thu¨rlimann B, Senn HJ (2003) Meeting highlights: updated international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 21(17): 3357–3365 Gottschalk A, Ochroch EA (2008) Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with chronic pain after major thoracotomy. Clin J Pain 24(8): 708–716 Haanpa¨a¨ M, Attal N, Backonja M, Baron R, Bennett M, Bouhassira D, Cruccu G, Hansson P, Haythornthwaite JA, Iannetti GD, Jensen TS, Kauppila T, Nurmikko TJ, Rice AS, Rowbotham M, Serra J, Sommer C, Smith BH, Treede RD (2011) NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment. Pain 152(1): 14–27 Harrington CB, Hansen JA, Moskowitz M, Todd BL, Feuerstein M (2010) It’s not over when it’s over: long-term symptoms in cancer survivors – a systematic review. Int J Psychiatry Med 40(2): 163–181 IASP (1994) (International Association for the Study of Pain) Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Pain 24(S): 226 Ip HY, Abrishami A, Peng PW, Wong J, Chung F (2009) Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 111(3): 657–677 Jensen TS, Baron R, Haanpa¨a¨ M, Kalso E, Loeser JD, Rice AS, Treede RD (2011) A new definition of neuropathic pain. Pain 152(10): 2204–2205 Johnston M (1986) Pre-operative emotional states and post-operative recovery. Adv Psychosom Med 15: 1–22 Johnston M, Vo¨gele C (1993) Benefits of psychological preparation for surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med 15: 12 Katz J (2011) One man’s risk factor is another man’s outcome: Difference in risk factor profiles for chronic postsurgical pain maintenance vs transition. Pain 153(3): 505–506 Katz J, Poleshuck EL, Andrus CH, Hogan LA, Jung BF, Kulick DI, Dworkin RH (2005) Risk factors for acute pain and its persistence following breast cancer surgery. Pain 119(1-3): 16–25 Kehlet H, Dahl JB (2011) Assessment of postoperative pain – need for action! Pain 152(8): 1699–1700 Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ (2006) Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet 367(9522): 1618–1625 Kehlet H, Rathmell JP (2010) Persistent postsurgical pain: the path forward through better design of clinical studies. Anesthesiology 112(3): 514–515 Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JW (2007) The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med 30(1): 77–94 Loukas M, Hullett J, Louis RG, Holdman S, Holdman D (2006) The gross anatomy of the extrathoracic course of the intercostobrachial nerve. Clin Anat 19(2): 106–111 Macdonald L, Bruce J, Scott NW, Smith WC, Chambers WA (2005) Longterm follow-up of breast cancer survivors with post-mastectomy pain syndrome. Br J Cancer 92(2): 225–230 Meevissen YM, Peters ML, Alberts HJ (2011) Become more optimistic by imagining a best possible self: effects of a two week intervention. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 42(3): 371–378 Pavlin DJ, Sullivan MJ, Freund PR, Roesen K (2005) Catastrophizing: a risk factor for postsurgical pain. Clin J Pain 21(1): 83–90 Peters ML, Sommer M, de Rijke JM, Kessels F, Heineman E, Patijn J, Marcus MA, Vlaeyen JW, van Kleef M (2007) Somatic and psychologic predictors of long-term unfavorable outcome after surgical intervention. Ann Surg 245(3): 487–494 Peters ML, Sommer M, van Kleef M, Marcus MA (2010) Predictors of physical and emotional recovery 6 and 12 months after surgery. Br J Surg 97(10): 1518–1527 Peterson C, Semmel A, von Baeyer C, Abramson L, Metalsky GI, Seligman MEP (1982) The attributional style questionnaire. Cogn Ther Res 6: 287–299 Peuckmann V, Ekholm O, Rasmussen NK, Groenvold M, Christiansen P, Møller S, Eriksen J, Sjøgren P (2009) Chronic pain and other sequelae in long-term breast cancer survivors: nationwide survey in Denmark. Eur J Pain 13(5): 478–485 Powell R, Bruce J, Johnston M, Vo¨gele C, Scott N, Shehmar M, Roberts T (2010) Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing general anaesthesia (Protocol). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8): Art. No. CD008646. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008646 Powell R, Johnston M, Smith WC, King PM, Chambers WA, Krukowski Z, McKee L, Bruce J (2012) Psychological risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain after inguinal hernia surgery: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Pain 16(4): 600–610 Rainville P, Bao QV, Chre´tien P (2005) Pain-related emotions modulate experimental pain perception and autonomic responses. Pain 118(3): 306–318 Rawal N, Allvin R (1998) Acute pain services in Europe: a 17-nation survey of 105 hospitals. The EuroPain Acute Pain Working Party. Eur J Anaesthesiol 15(3): 354–363 Richards M, Corner J, Maher J (2011) The National Cancer Survivorship Initiative: new and emerging evidence on the ongoing needs of cancer survivors. Br J Cancer 105(Suppl 1): S1–S4 Scheier MF, Carver CS (1987) Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. J Pers 55(2): 169–210 Scheier MF, Matthews KA, Owens JF, Magovern GJ, Lefebvre RC, Abbott RA, Carver CS (1989) Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: the beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 57(6): 1024–1040 Shack L, Jordan C, Thomson CS, Mak V, Møller H, Registries UAoC (2008) Variation in incidence of breast, lung and cervical cancer and malignant melanoma of skin by socioeconomic group in England. BMC Cancer 8: 271 Smith WC, Bourne D, Squair J, Phillips DO, Chambers WA (1999) A retrospective cohort study of post mastectomy pain syndrome. Pain 83(1): 91–95 Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Lushene P, Vagg P, Jacobs G (1983) Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). http://www.mindgarden. com/products/staisad.htm Mind Garden Inc Srikandarajah S, Gilron I (2011) Systematic review of movement-evoked pain vs pain at rest in postsurgical clinical trials and meta-analyses: a fundamental distinction requiring standardized measurement. Pain 152(8): 1734–1739 Steegers MA, Wolters B, Evers AW, Strobbe L, Wilder-Smith OH (2008) Effect of axillary lymph node dissection on prevalence and intensity of chronic and phantom pain after breast cancer surgery. J Pain 9(9): 813–822 Tasmuth T, Estlanderb AM, Kalso E (1996) Effect of present pain and mood on the memory of past postoperative pain in women treated surgically for breast cancer. Pain 68(2-3): 343–347 Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 54(6): 1063–1070 Watson D, Pennebaker JW (1989) Health complaints, stress, and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychol Rev 96(2): 234–254 Wilder-Smith OH, Tassonyi E, Arendt-Nielsen L (2002) Preoperative back pain is associated with diverse manifestations of central neuroplasticity. Pain 97(3): 189–194 Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67(6): 361–370
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/50818

Request changes to a record

Actions (login required)

View Item