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Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche
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(2012) Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.109 (No.43). pp. 17501-17506. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206847109
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206847109
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A. bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the "button mushroom" forms a multibillion dollar industry. We present two A. bisporus genomes, their gene repertoires and transcript profiles on compost andduringmushroomformation.The genomes encode a full repertoire of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes similar to that of wood-decayers. Comparative transcriptomics of mycelium grown on defined medium, casing-soil, and compost revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan, cellulose, pectin, and protein degradation aremore highly expressed in compost. The striking expansion of heme-thiolate peroxidases and β-etherases is distinctive from Agaricomycotina wood-decayers and suggests a broad attack on decaying lignin and related metabolites found in humic acid-rich environment. Similarly, up-regulation of these genes together with a lignolytic manganese peroxidase, multiple copper radical oxidases, and cytochrome P450s is consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates. The gene repertoire and expression of hydrolytic enzymes in A. bisporus is substantially different from the taxonomically related ectomycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor. A common promoter motif was also identified in genes very highly expressed in humic-rich substrates. These observations reveal genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during plant degradation, further defining the critical role such fungi contribute to soil structure and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Genome sequence will expedite mushroom breeding for improved agronomic characteristics.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QK Botany | ||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Cultivated mushroom -- Genetics | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | ||||
| Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences | ||||
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 | ||||
| Official Date: | 23 October 2012 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Vol.109 | ||||
| Number: | No.43 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 17501-17506 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1206847109 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
| Funder: | United States. Dept. of Energy, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (France), Conseil régional de Lorraine, Horticultural Development Company | ||||
| Grant number: | DE-AC02-05CH11231 (DoE) |
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