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Rotavirus genetic diversity, disease association, and temporal change in hospitalized rural Kenyan children

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Nokes, D. James, Peenze, Ina, Netshifhefhe, Lufuno, Abwao, John, De Beer, Mariet C., Seheri, Mapaseka, Williams, Thomas N., Page, Nicola and Steele, Duncan. (2010) Rotavirus genetic diversity, disease association, and temporal change in hospitalized rural Kenyan children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol.202 (Suppl.1). S180-S186. ISSN 0022-1899

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/653566

Abstract

Background. The effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines will be dependent on the immunity conferred against prevalent and emergent variants causing severe diarrheal disease. Longitudinal surveillance of disease-causing strains is a prerequisite to intervention. Methods. Molecular characterization was conducted on rotavirus-positive stool samples from children admitted with diarrhea to a rural district hospital during 2002-2004. Extracted viral RNA was separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and rotavirus VP4 (P types) and VP7 (G types) specificities were determined. Results. Among 558 investigated cases, the predominant genotype was P[8]G1 (42%), followed by P[8]G9 (15%), P[4]G8 (7%), P[6]G8 (6%), and P[8]G8 (4%), with 10% mixed strains. Overall, there were 6 different P types and 7 G types. No association was identified between genotype and child age, sex, or severity of diarrhea. The P and G genotypes and polyacrylamide gel electropherotypes showed significant temporal variation in frequency: P[8]G1 decreased from 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%-58%) in 2002 to 30% (95% CI, 24%-37%) in 2004, and P[4]G8 increased from 2% (95% CI, 0%-5%) in 2002 to 13% (95% CI, 9%-19%). Quarterly data revealed seasonally endemic and emergence and/or decay patterns. Conclusions. Our study of rotavirus strains causing severe diarrhea in rural Kenyan children showed a predominance of P[8]G1 and confirms the importance of G8 and G9 strains in sub-Saharan Africa. Considerable genetic diversity of rotavirus strains was observed, including substantial mixed and unusual types, coupled with significant temporal strain variation and emergence. These results warn of variable vaccine efficacy and the need for long-term surveillance of circulating rotavirus genotypes.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Rotaviruses -- Genetics, Rotaviruses -- Kenya, Variation (Biology), Children -- Kenya -- Health and hygiene
Journal or Publication Title:	The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0022-1899
Date:	1 September 2010
Volume:	Vol.202
Number:	Suppl.1
Number of Pages:	7
Page Range:	S180-S186
Identification Number:	10.1086/653566
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Wellcome Trust (London, England), Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)
Grant number:	076278 (WT), 076934 (WT), GAV.1142–01-07211-SPS (PATH)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/5414