Lazenby, Robert A., McKelvey, Kim M. (Kim Martin) and Unwin, Patrick R. (2013) Hopping intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy (HIC-SECM) : visualizing interfacial reactions and fluxes from surfaces to bulk solution. Analytical Chemistry, Volume 85 (Number 5). pp. 2937-2944. doi:10.1021/ac303642p

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Abstract

Hopping intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy (HIC-SECM) is introduced as a powerful new technique for the quantitative visualization of redox activity and concentration at and above a surface of interest. HIC-SECM combines a hopping imaging mode, in which data are acquired at a tip as a function of distance (z) from the surface, at a series of x, y pixels across the surface, using the principles of intermittent contact to provide a nonelectrochemical means of determining when the tip and the substrate come into contact. The implementation of HIC-SECM is described, and SECM feedback measurements in three-dimensional (3D) space over a gold band array are presented. To demonstrate the generality of the methodology, flux imaging is also carried out over a Pt-disk ultramicroelectrode (UME) in the feedback mode and substrate generation/tip collection mode. The type of information that can be extracted from the data sets acquired include x-y current maps at a well-defined tip–substrate separation (parallel to the surface), x-z current maps (normal to the surface), 3D x-y-z profiles, approach curves at particular spots on the surface of interest, and surface topography. Moreover, because HIC-SECM utilizes an oscillating probe, alternating current data are also obtained that greatly enhances the information content compared to other types of electrochemical imaging. Furthermore, interfacial fluxes are ubiquitous in chemistry and allied areas, and HIC-SECM opens up the possibility of detailed flux visualization in three dimensions for many physicochemical processes.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry
Journal or Publication Title:	Analytical Chemistry
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
ISSN:	0003-2700
Official Date:	4 February 2013
Dates:	Date Event 4 February 2013 Published
Volume:	Volume 85
Number:	Number 5
Page Range:	pp. 2937-2944
DOI:	10.1021/ac303642p
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), MOAC/DTC, Advantage West Midlands, European Regional Development Fund
Grant number:	Grant EP/H023909/1 (EPSRC)

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