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Sieve element occlusion (SEO) genes encode structural phloem proteins involved in wound sealing of the phloem

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Ernst, A. M., Jekat, S. B., Zielonka, S., Muller, B., Neumann, U., Ruping, B., Twyman, R. M., Krzyzanek, V., Prufer, D. and Noll, G. A. (2012) Sieve element occlusion (SEO) genes encode structural phloem proteins involved in wound sealing of the phloem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 109 (Number 28). E1980-E1989. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202999109 ISSN 0027-8424.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202999109

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Abstract

The sieve element occlusion (SEO) gene family originally was delimited to genes encoding structural components of forisomes, which are specialized crystalloid phloem proteins found solely in the Fabaceae. More recently, SEO genes discovered in various non-Fabaceae plants were proposed to encode the common phloem proteins (P-proteins) that plug sieve plates after wounding. We carried out a comprehensive characterization of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) SEO genes (NtSEO). Reporter genes controlled by the NtSEO promoters were expressed specifically in immature sieve elements, and GFP-SEO fusion proteins formed parietal agglomerates in intact sieve elements as well as sieve plate plugs after wounding. NtSEO proteins with and without fluorescent protein tags formed agglomerates similar in structure to native P-protein bodies when transiently coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and the analysis of these protein complexes by electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural features resembling those of native P-proteins. NtSEO-RNA interference lines were essentially devoid of P-protein structures and lost photoassimilates more rapidly after injury than control plants, thus confirming the role of P-proteins in sieve tube sealing. We therefore provide direct evidence that SEO genes in tobacco encode P-protein subunits that affect translocation. We also found that peptides recently identified in fascicular phloem P-protein plugs from squash (Cucurbita maxima) represent cucurbit members of the SEO family. Our results therefore suggest a common evolutionary origin for P-proteins found in the sieve elements of all dicotyledonous plants and demonstrate the exceptional status of extrafascicular P-proteins in cucurbits.

Item Type: Journal Article
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Journal or Publication Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
ISSN: 0027-8424
Official Date: 10 July 2012
Dates:
DateEvent
10 July 2012Published
Volume: Volume 109
Number: Number 28
Page Range: E1980-E1989
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202999109
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, The Fraunhofer MAVO program, Volkswagen Foundation
Grant number: 0312014 (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Grant); I/82 075 (Volkswagen Foundation)

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