Simkiss, Douglas E., Snooks, Helen, Stallard, Nigel, Kimani, Peter K., Sewell, Bernadette, Fitzsimmons, Deborah, Anthony, Rebecca, Winstanley, Sarah, Wilson, Lynsey, Phillips, Ceri and Stewart-Brown, Sarah L. (2013) Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a universal parenting skills programme in deprived communities : multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, Volume 3 (Number 8). Article number 002851. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002851

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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost utility of a universally provided early years parenting programme.
Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis.
Setting: Early years centres in four deprived areas of South Wales.
Participants: Families with children aged between 2 and 4 years. 286 families were recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention or waiting list control.
Intervention: The Family Links Nurturing Programme (FLNP), a 10-week course with weekly 2 h facilitated group sessions.
Main outcome measures: Negative and supportive parenting, child and parental well-being and costs assessed before the intervention, following the course (3 months) and at 9 months using standardised measures.
Results: There were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between trial arms at 3 or 9 months. With ‘+’ indicating improvement, difference in change in negative parenting score at 9 months was +0.90 (95%CI −1.90 to 3.69); in supportive parenting, +0.17 (95%CI −0.61 to 0.94); and 12 of the 17 secondary outcomes showed a non-significant positive effect in the FLNP arm. Based on changes in parental well-being (SF-12), the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was estimated to be £34 913 (range 21 485–46 578) over 5 years and £18 954 (range 11 664–25 287) over 10 years. Probability of cost per QALY gained below £30 000 was 47% at 5 years and 57% at 10 years. Attendance was low: 34% of intervention families attended no sessions (n=48); only 47% completed the course (n=68). Also, 19% of control families attended a parenting programme before 9-month follow-up.
Conclusions: Our trial has not found evidence of clinical or cost utility for the FLNP in a universal setting. However, low levels of exposure and contamination mean that uncertainty remains.

Trial registration: The trial is registered with
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13919732.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HQ The family. Marriage. Woman R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Translational & Experimental Medicine > Metabolic and Vascular Health (- until July 2016) Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Parenting -- Great Britain, Child rearing -- Great Britain, Training -- Great Britain, Poor families -- Great Britain, Clinical trials
Journal or Publication Title:	BMJ Open
Publisher:	BMJ
ISSN:	2044-6055
Official Date:	1 August 2013
Dates:	Date Event 1 August 2013 Published
Date of first compliant deposit:	25 December 2015
Volume:	Volume 3
Number:	Number 8
Page Range:	Article number 002851
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002851
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Caerphilly (Wales). County Borough Council, Cardiff (Wales). County Council, Newport (Gwent, Wales). City Council, Torfaen (Wales). County Borough Council, Wales. Welsh Assembly Government, Esmée Fairbairn Foundation (EFF), Waterloo Foundation (WF)

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