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Cognitive, linguistic and adaptive functioning in Williams Syndrome: trajectories from early to middle adulthood
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Howlin, Patricia, Elison, Sarah, Udwin, Orlee and Stinton, Chris (2010) Cognitive, linguistic and adaptive functioning in Williams Syndrome: trajectories from early to middle adulthood. Journal of Applies Research in Intellectual Disabilities, Vol.23 (No.4). pp. 322-336. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00536.x ISSN 1360-2322.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00536.x
Abstract
Background
Little is known about trajectories of cognitive functioning as individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) move though adulthood.
Method
The present study investigated cognitive, linguistic and adaptive functioning in adults with WS aged 19-55 years, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches.
Results
Data from the cross-sectional study (n = 92; mean age = 32 years) indicated that IQ was comparable across age groups (Full-Scale IQ mean = 56-57) with Verbal IQ being slightly higher than Performance IQ. Daily Living Skills (as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales) were significantly higher in older individuals. Language abilities showed no consistent age-related differences. On formal tests of language, comprehension scores were higher than expressive language scores for almost all individuals, although this pattern was not replicated on the Vineland. In the longitudinal study, a follow-up of 47 individuals (mean age = 37 years) first assessed 12 years previously, similar trajectories were found. IQ remained very stable (FSIQ = 61-62 at both time points); there were significant improvements on the Social and Daily Living domains of the Vineland and significant decreases in Maladaptive scores. There were no improvements in language over time.
Conclusions
The data indicate that adults with WS (at least up to the age of 50 years) show no evidence of deterioration in cognitive skills. Adaptive abilities continue to develop although language shows relatively little improvement with time.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | L Education > LB Theory and practice of education R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Applies Research in Intellectual Disabilities | ||||
| Publisher: | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc. | ||||
| ISSN: | 1360-2322 | ||||
| Official Date: | July 2010 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Vol.23 | ||||
| Number: | No.4 | ||||
| Number of Pages: | 15 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 322-336 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00536.x | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
| Funder: | Baily Thomas Fund, WSF |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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