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Piya, Milan K., Harte, Alison L. and McTernan, P. G. (2013) Metabolic endotoxaemia. Current Opinion in Lipidology, Volume 24 (Number 1). pp. 78-85. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835b4431 ISSN 0957-9672.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835b4431
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the evidence linking gut bacteria, endotoxin, and its circulating levels with inflammatory induced obesity and metabolic disease (metabolic endotoxaemia). RECENT FINDINGS: Gut flora analyses have allowed gut microbiota signatures (GMS) to be observed in animal studies of obesity/metabolic disease. In these studies, specific GMS result in a change in obesity and metabolic disease state whereas in humans, analysis remains unclear. Serum studies, examining metabolic endotoxaemia as a biomarker, appear to link long-term cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through activation of inflammatory pathways. More recent studies note the importance of diet, which shows the dramatic rise in endotoxin following acute or long-term high-fat diet, with the effects exacerbated in T2DM. SUMMARY: Gut flora appears to act as an important determinant in the pathogenesis of inflammatory induced obesity/T2DM. Endotoxin may act as the systemic insult, impacted by a high-fat diet, which may regulate this effect, combined with an altered GMS. As such, clinical and dietary intervention to affect this process - on the gut flora, the 'leaky' mucosal membrane and endotoxin coupled lipid absorption or removal of circulating endotoxin - could reduce the progression of inflammatory induced metabolic disease.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Translational & Experimental Medicine > Metabolic and Vascular Health (- until July 2016) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Current Opinion in Lipidology | ||||
| Publisher: | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd. | ||||
| ISSN: | 0957-9672 | ||||
| Official Date: | February 2013 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Volume 24 | ||||
| Number: | Number 1 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 78-85 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835b4431 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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