James, A. (Anthony), James, C. (Christine) and Thwaites, T. (Thomas) (2013) The brain effects of cannabis in healthy adolescents and in adolescents with schizophrenia : a systematic review. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, Volume 214 (Number 3). pp. 181-189. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.012 ISSN 1872-7506.

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Abstract

Cannabis is widely used in adolescence; however, the effects of cannabis on the developing brain remain unclear. Cannabis might be expected to have increased effects upon brain development and cognition during adolescence. There is extensive re-organisation of grey (GM) and white matter (WM) at this time, while the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, which is involved in the normal physiological regulation of neural transmission, is still developing. In healthy adolescent cannabis users there is a suggestion of greater memory loss and hippocampal volume changes. Functional studies point to recruitment of greater brain areas under cognitive load. Structural and DTI studies are few, and limited by comorbid drug and alcohol use. The studies of cannabis use in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) differ, with one study pointing to extensive GM and WM changes. There is an intriguing suggestion that the left parietal lobe may be more vulnerable to the effects of cannabis in AOS. As in adult schizophrenia cognition does not appear to be adversely affected in AOS following cannabis use. Given the limited number of studies it is not possible to draw firm conclusions. There is a need for adequately powered, longitudinal studies.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QP Physiology R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Cannabinoids, Cannabis -- Physiological effect, Brain -- Effect of drugs on, Systematic reviews (Medical research), Teenagers -- Drug use, Schizophrenics -- Drug use
Journal or Publication Title:	Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Publisher:	Elsevier Ireland Ltd
ISSN:	1872-7506
Official Date:	2013
Dates:	Date Event 2013 Published
Volume:	Volume 214
Number:	Number 3
Page Range:	pp. 181-189
DOI:	10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.012
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access

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