Cappuccio, Francesco P., D'Elia, L., Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin and Strazzullo, Pasquale (2009) Salt intake, stroke and cardiovascular disease : a meta-analysis of prospective studies. In: UNSPECIFIED. Published in: International Journal of Cardiology, Vol.137 (Suppl. 1). S52-S53.

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Abstract

Background The potential benefits of dietary salt reduction on the prevention of cardiovascular disease have been extrapolated by those expected through its blood pressure (BP) lowering effect. Purpose To perform a meta-analysis of the prospective studies published between 1996 and 2008 that assessed the relationship between the level of habitual salt intake and both stroke and total cardiovascular outcomes (CVD). Data sources and study selection We performed a systematic search of publications through online databases and relevant reviews. According to pre-defined selection criteria, 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction For each study, relative risks (RR) and 95% C.I. were extracted and pooled using a random effect model, weighting for the inverse of the variance. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed as necessary. Results Overall, there were 19 independent cohort samples, with 177,025 participants (follow-up range 3.5 to 19years) and over 11,000 vascular events. Higher salt intake was associated with greater risk of stroke (pooled RR: 1.23; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.43; p=0.007) and CVD (1.14; 0.99 to 1.32; p=0.07), with no significant evidence of publication bias. For CVD, sensitivity analysis showed that the exclusion of a single study led to a pooled estimate of 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34); p=0.02. The associations observed were greater the greater the difference in sodium intake and the longer the study follow-up period. Conclusions High salt intake is associated with significantly greater risk of both stroke and total CVD. These results support the role of a population reduction in salt intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Item Type:	Conference Item (Paper)
Subjects:	Q Science > QM Human anatomy
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Metabolic and Vascular Health Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Journal or Publication Title:	International Journal of Cardiology
Publisher:	Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
ISSN:	0167-5273
Date:	October 2009
Volume:	Vol.137
Number:	Suppl. 1
Number of Pages:	2
Page Range:	S52-S53
Identification Number:	10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.175
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Conference Paper Type:	Paper
Type of Event:	Conference
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/5945

Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge

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