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Oxford NOTECHS II : a modified theatre team non-technical skills scoring system

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Robertson, Eleanor R., Hadi, Mohammed, Morgan, Lauren J., Pickering, Sharon, Collins, Gary S., New, Steve, Griffin, Damian R., McCulloch, Peter and Catchpole, Ken C. (2014) Oxford NOTECHS II : a modified theatre team non-technical skills scoring system. PLoS One, Volume 9 (Number 3). Article number e90320. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090320 ISSN 1932-6203.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090320

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Abstract

We have developed a N6-dimethylallyladenine (cytokinin) dehydrogenase-based microbiosensor for real-time determination of the family of hormones known as cytokinins. Cytokinin dehydrogenase from Zea mays (ZmCKX1) was immobilised concurrently with electrodeposition of a silica gel film on the surface of a Pt microelectrode, which was further functionalized by free electron mediator 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) in supporting electrolyte to give a bioactive film capable of selective oxidative cleavage of the N6- side chain of cytokinins. The rapid electron shuffling between freely diffusible DCPIP and the FAD redox group in ZmCKX1 endowed the microbiosensor with a fast response time of less than 10 s. The immobilised ZmCKX1 retained a high affinity for its preferred substrate N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP), and gave the miniaturized biosensor a large linear dynamic range from 10 nM to 10 µM, a detection limit of 3.9 nM and a high sensitivity to iP of 603.3 µAmM−1cm−2 (n = 4, R2 = 0.9999). Excellent selectivity was displayed for several other aliphatic cytokinins and their ribosides, including N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine, N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenosine, cis-zeatin, trans-zeatin and trans-zeatin riboside. Aromatic cytokinins and metabolites such as cytokinin glucosides were generally poor substrates. The microbiosensors exhibited excellent stability in terms of pH and long-term storage and have been used successfully to determine low nanomolar cytokinin concentrations in tomato xylem sap exudates.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RD Surgery
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Operating room personnel, Core competencies, Surgery -- Practice, Surgical errors -- Prevention
Journal or Publication Title: PLoS One
Publisher: Public Library of Science
ISSN: 1932-6203
Official Date: March 2014
Dates:
DateEvent
March 2014Published
Volume: Volume 9
Number: Number 3
Article Number: Article number e90320
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090320
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 26 December 2015
Date of first compliant Open Access: 26 December 2015
Funder: National Institute for Health Research (Great Britain) (NIHR)
Grant number: RP-PG-0108-10020 (NIHR)

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