Johnson, Samantha J., Hollis, Chris, Kochhar, Puja, Hennessy, Enid M., Wolke, Dieter and Marlow, Neil (2010) Psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children : longitudinal finding at age 11 years in the EPICure study. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Journal, Vol.49 (No.5). pp. 453-463. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.002 ISSN 0890-8567.

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children. Method: All babies born <26 weeks gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March through December 1995 were recruited to the EPICure Study. Of 307 survivors at 11 years of age, 219 (71%) were assessed alongside 153 term-born classmates. Parents completed a structured psychiatric interview about their child, and teachers completed a corresponding questionnaire from which DSM-IV diagnoses were assigned for 219 (100%) extremely preterm children and 152 (99%) classmates. An IQ test and a physical evaluation were also administered. Longitudinal data were available for extremely preterm children. Results: Extremely preterm children were more than three times more likely to have a psychiatric disorder than classmates (23% vs. 9%; odds ratio [OR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 6.2). Risk was significantly increased for: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 11.5% vs. 2.9%; OR = 4.3; CI = 1.5 to 13.0), with increased risk for ADHD inattentive subtype (OR = 10.5; CI = 1.4 to 81.1) but not ADHD combined subtype (OR = 2.1; CI = 0.5 to 7.9); emotional disorders (9.0% vs. 2.1%; OR = 4.6; CI = 1.3 to 15.9), with increased risk for anxiety disorders (OR = 3.5; CI = 1.0 to 12.4); and autism spectrum disorders (8.0% vs. 0%; p = .000). Psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 3.5; CI = 1.8 to 6.4). Parent-reported behavioral problems at 2.5 and 6 years were independent predictors of psychiatric disorders at 11 years. Conclusions: Extremely preterm children are at increased risk for ADHD, emotional disorders, and autism spectrum disorders at 11 years of age. The mechanism of association with psychiatric disorder may include both cognitive impairment and early traumatic experiences that have an impact on both child and parent. Early screening for cognitive and behavioral problems may identify those at greatest risk. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(5):453-463.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Premature infants -- Development -- Longitudinal studies, Child psychopathology -- Longitudinal studies, Autism in children, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Journal or Publication Title:	American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Journal
Publisher:	Elsevier Science BV
ISSN:	0890-8567
Official Date:	May 2010
Dates:	Date Event May 2010 Published
Volume:	Vol.49
Number:	No.5
Number of Pages:	11
Page Range:	pp. 453-463
DOI:	10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.002
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Funder:	Medical Research Council (Great Britain) (MRC)

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