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Increasing lifetime of recurrent sunspot groups within the Greenwich photoheliographic results

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Henwood, R., Chapman, Sandra C. and Willis, David M.. (2010) Increasing lifetime of recurrent sunspot groups within the Greenwich photoheliographic results. Solar Physics, Vol.262 (No.2). pp. 299-313. ISSN 0038-0938

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9419-5

Abstract

Long-lived (> 20 days) sunspot groups extracted from the Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR) are examined for evidence of decadal change. The problem of identifying sunspot groups that are observed on consecutive solar rotations (recurrent sunspot groups) is tackled by first constructing manually an example dataset of recurrent sunspot groups and then using machine learning to generalise this subset to the whole GPR. The resulting dataset of recurrent sunspot groups is verified against previous work by A. Maunder and other Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO) compilers. Recurrent groups are found to exhibit a slightly larger value for the Gnevyshev -aEuro parts per thousand Waldmeier Relationship than the value found by Petrovay and van Driel-Gesztelyi (Solar Phys. 51, 25, 1977), who used recurrence data from the Debrecen Photoheliographic Results. Evidence for sunspot-group lifetime change over the previous century is observed within recurrent groups. A lifetime increase of a factor of 1.4 between 1915 and 1940 is found, which closely agrees with results from Blanter et al. (Solar Phys. 237, 329, 2006). Furthermore, this increase is found to exist over a longer period (1915 to 1950) than previously thought and provisional evidence is found for a decline between 1950 and 1965. Possible applications of machine-learning procedures to the analysis of historical sunspot observations, the determination of the magnetic topology of the solar corona and the incidence of severe space-weather events are outlined briefly.

Item Type:

Journal Article

Subjects:

Q Science > QB Astronomy

Divisions:

Faculty of Science > Physics

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):

Sunspots, Photoheliograph, Neural networks (Computer science)

Journal or Publication Title:

Solar Physics

Publisher:

Springer Netherlands

ISSN:

0038-0938

Official Date:

April 2010

Dates:

Date	Event
April 2010	Published

Volume:

Vol.262

Number:

No.2

Number of Pages:

Page Range:

pp. 299-313

Identification Number:

10.1007/s11207-009-9419-5

Status:

Peer Reviewed

Publication Status:

Published

Funder:

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Space Science and Technology Dept.

References:

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