Dutta, Ritaban, Hines, Evor, 1957-, Gardner, Julian W. and Boilot, Pascal. (2002) Bacteria classification using Cyranose 320 electronic nose. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, Vol.1 (No.4). ISSN 1475-925X

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Abstract

Background An electronic nose (e-nose), the Cyrano Sciences' Cyranose 320, comprising an array of thirty-two polymer carbon black composite sensors has been used to identify six species of bacteria responsible for eye infections when present at a range of concentrations in saline solutions. Readings were taken from the headspace of the samples by manually introducing the portable e-nose system into a sterile glass containing a fixed volume of bacteria in suspension. Gathered data were a very complex mixture of different chemical compounds. Method Linear Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was able to classify four classes of bacteria out of six classes though in reality other two classes were not better evident from PCA analysis and we got 74% classification accuracy from PCA. An innovative data clustering approach was investigated for these bacteria data by combining the 3-dimensional scatter plot, Fuzzy C Means (FCM) and Self Organizing Map (SOM) network. Using these three data clustering algorithms simultaneously better 'classification' of six eye bacteria classes were represented. Then three supervised classifiers, namely Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Probabilistic Neural network (PNN) and Radial basis function network (RBF), were used to classify the six bacteria classes. Results A [6 × 1] SOM network gave 96% accuracy for bacteria classification which was best accuracy. A comparative evaluation of the classifiers was conducted for this application. The best results suggest that we are able to predict six classes of bacteria with up to 98% accuracy with the application of the RBF network. Conclusion This type of bacteria data analysis and feature extraction is very difficult. But we can conclude that this combined use of three nonlinear methods can solve the feature extraction problem with very complex data and enhance the performance of Cyranose 320.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Bacteria -- Identification, Medical electronics, Bacteria -- Classification
Journal or Publication Title:	BioMedical Engineering OnLine
Publisher:	BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN:	1475-925X
Date:	16 October 2002
Volume:	Vol.1
Number:	No.4
Identification Number:	10.1186/1475-925X-1-4
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
References:	# Infections of the eye. Medical Microbiology (Edited by: Mins). Mosby 1993. # Gardner JW, Craven M, Dow CS, Hines EL: The prediction of bacteria type and culture growth phase by an electronic nose with a multi-layer perceptron network. Meas Sci Technol 1998, 9:120-7. # Gardner JW, Bartlett PN: Electronic noses: principles and applications. Oxford University Press 1999. # Di Natale C, Mantini A, Macagnano A, Antuzzi D, Paolesse R, D'Amico A: Electronic nose analys is of urine samples containing blood. Physical Meas 1999. # Shin HW, Llobet E, Gardner JW, Hines EL, Dow CS: Classification of the strain and growth phase of cyanobacteria in potable water using an electronic nose system. IEE Proc – Sci Meas Technol 2000, 147:158-64. # [http://www.cyranosciences.com] # [http://www.mathworks.com] # Gardner JW: Detection of vapours and odours from multi-sensor array using pattern recognition, part 1: principal components and cluster analysis. Sensors Actuators 1991, B4:108-16. # Kohonen T: Self-organising and associative memory. Berlin: Springer-Verlag2 Edition 1987. # Jang JSR, Sun CT, Mizutani : Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing: a computational approach to learning and machine intelligence. Upper Saddle River NJ: Prenctice Hall 1997, 423-33.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/627

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