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Characteristics of starch-based films plasticised by glycerol and by the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate : a comparative study
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Xie, Fengwei, Flanagan, Bernadine M., Li, Ming, Sangwan, Parveen, Truss, Rowan W., Halley, Peter J., Strounina, Ekaterina V., Whittaker, Andrew K., Gidley, Michael J., Dean, Katherine M., Shamshina, Julia L., Rogers, Robin D. and McNally, Tony (2014) Characteristics of starch-based films plasticised by glycerol and by the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate : a comparative study. Carbohydrate Polymers, 111 . pp. 841-848. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.058
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.058
Abstract
This paper reports the plasticisation effect of the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]), as compared with the traditionally used plasticiser, glycerol, on the characteristics of starch-based films. For minimising the additional effect of processing, a simple compression moulding process (which involves minimal shear) was used for preparation of starch-based films. The results show that [Emim][OAc] was favourable for plasticisation, i.e., disruption of starch granules (by scanning electron microscopy), and could result in a more amorphous structure in the starch-based materials (by X-ray diffraction and dynamic mechanical analysis). 13C CP/MAS and SPE/MAS NMR spectroscopy revealed that not only was the crystallinity reduced by [Emim][OAc], but also the amorphous starch present was plasticised to a more mobile form as indicated by the appearance of amorphous starch in the SPE/MAS spectrum. Mechanical results illustrate that, when either glycerol or [Emim][OAc] was used, a higher plasticiser content could contribute to higher flexibility. In spite of the accelerated thermal degradation of starch by [Emim][OAc] as shown by thermogravimetric analysis, the biodegradation study revealed the antimicrobial effect of [Emim][OAc] on the starch-based materials. Considering the high-amylose starch used here which is typically difficult to gelatinise in a traditional plasticiser (water and/or glycerol), [Emim][OAc] is demonstrated to be a promising plasticiser for starch to develop “green” flexible antimicrobial materials for novel applications.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology | ||||||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Plasticizers, Starch, Glycerin | ||||||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Carbohydrate Polymers | ||||||||||||
| Publisher: | Pergamon Press | ||||||||||||
| ISSN: | 0144-8617 | ||||||||||||
| Official Date: | 13 October 2014 | ||||||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 111 | ||||||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 841-848 | ||||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.058 | ||||||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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