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Differentiating coeliac disease from irritable bowel syndrome by urinary volatile organic compound analysis : a pilot study

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Arasaradnam, Ramesh P., Westenbrink, Eric W., McFarlane, Michael J., Harbord, Ruth, Chambers, Samantha, O’Connell, Nicola, Bailey, Catherine, Nwokolo, Chuka U., Bardhan, Karna Dev, Savage, Richard S. and Covington, James A. (2014) Differentiating coeliac disease from irritable bowel syndrome by urinary volatile organic compound analysis : a pilot study. PLoS One, 9 (10). e107312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107312

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107312

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Abstract

Coeliac disease (CD), a T-cell-mediated gluten sensitive enteropathy, affects ~1% of the UK population and can present with wide ranging clinical features, often being mistaken for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Heightened clinical awareness and serological screening identifies those with potential coeliac disease; the diagnosis is confirmed with duodenal biopsies, and symptom improvement with a gluten-free diet. Limitations to diagnosis are false negative serology and reluctance to undergo biopsy. The gut microbiome is altered in several gastrointestinal disorders, causing altered gut fermentation patterns recognisable by volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis in urine, breath and faeces. We aimed to determine if CD alters the urinary VOC pattern, distinguishing it from IBS. 47 patients were recruited, 27 with established CD, on gluten free diets, and 20 with diarrhoea-predominant IBS (D-IBS). Collected urine was stored frozen in 10 ml aliquots. For assay, the specimens were heated to 40±0.1°C and the headspace analysed by Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS). Machine learning algorithms were used for statistical evaluation. Samples were also analysed using Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Sparse logistic regression showed that FAIMS distinguishes VOCs in CD vs D-IBS with ROC curve AUC of 0.91 (0.83–0.99), sensitivity and specificity of 85% respectively. GCMS showed a unique peak at 4′67 found only in CD, not D-IBS, which correlated with the compound 1,3,5,7 cyclooctatetraene. This study suggests that FAIMS offers a novel, non-invasive approach to identify those with possible CD, and distinguishes from D-IBS. It offers the potential for monitoring compliance with a gluten-free diet at home. The presence of cyclooctatetraene in CD specimens will need further validation.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Translational & Experimental Medicine > Metabolic and Vascular Health (- until July 2016)
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Research Centres > Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells (MOAC)
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Statistics
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Research Centres > Warwick Systems Biology Centre
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Celiac disease -- Diagnosis, Irritable colon, Volatile organic compounds
Journal or Publication Title: PLoS One
Publisher: Public Library of Science
ISSN: 1932-6203
Official Date: 16 October 2014
Dates:
DateEvent
16 October 2014Published
8 July 2014Accepted
9 June 2014Submitted
Volume: 9
Number: 10
Article Number: e107312
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107312
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
Funder: Bardhan Research and Education Trust (BRET)

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