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Preschool regulatory problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity and cognitive deficits at school age in children born at risk : different phenotypes of dysregulation?
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Schmid, Gabriele and Wolke, Dieter (2014) Preschool regulatory problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity and cognitive deficits at school age in children born at risk : different phenotypes of dysregulation? Early Human Development, Volume 90 (Number 8). pp. 399-405. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.05.001 ISSN 0378-3782 .
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.05.001
Abstract
Background
Early regulatory problems (RP), i.e., excessive crying, feeding, and sleeping difficulties, have been reported to be predictors of cognitive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. However, previous studies had limitations such as small sample size or retrospective design.
Aim
To investigate whether persistent RP from infancy until preschool age are precursors of ADHD problems and cognitive deficits at school age.
Study design
A prospective study from birth to 8.5 years of age.
Subjects
1120 infants born at risk.
Measures
RP were assessed at 5 months (i.e., excessive crying, feeding, and sleeping problems), 20, and 56 months (i.e., eating and sleeping problems) via parent interviews and neurological examination. At 8.5 years of age, IQ was assessed by a standard test (K-ABC), and ADHD problems by direct observations in the test situation and by the Mannheimer Parent Interview (MPI, DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD).
Results
23.8% of the sample born at risk had RP at least at two measurement points until preschool age. Persistent RP predicted lower IQ (β = − .17; 95% CI (− .21; − .10)), behaviour problems (β = − .10; 95% CI (− .15; − .03)), attention (OR 2.43; 95% CI (1.16; 5.09)) and hyperactivity problems (OR 3.10; 95% CI (1.29; 7.48)), and an ADHD diagnosis (OR 3.32; 95% CI (1.23; 8.98)) at school age, even when controlled for psychosocial and neurological confounders.
Conclusions
Early persistent RP increased the odds of ADHD and associated problems at school age, indicating a cascade model of development, i.e., infant behaviour problems provide the starting point of a trajectory of dysregulation through time.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Journal or Publication Title: | Early Human Development | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Elsevier Ireland Ltd | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 0378-3782 | ||||||||||
Official Date: | August 2014 | ||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Volume 90 | ||||||||||
Number: | Number 8 | ||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 399-405 | ||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.05.001 | ||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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