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Measuring implicit attitudes : a positive framing bias flaw in the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP)
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O'Shea, Brian, Watson, Derrick G. and Brown, G. D. A. (2015) Measuring implicit attitudes : a positive framing bias flaw in the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). Psychological Assessment, 28 (2). pp. 158-170. doi:10.1037/pas0000172 ISSN 1040-3590 .
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Official URL: https://org/doi/10.1037/pas0000172
Abstract
How can implicit attitudes best be measured? The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), unlike the Implicit Association Test (IAT), claims to measure absolute, not just relative, implicit attitudes. In the IRAP, participants make congruent (Fat Person-Active: False; Fat Person-Unhealthy: True) or incongruent (Fat Person-Active: True; Fat Person-Unhealthy: False) responses in different blocks of trials. IRAP experiments have reported positive or neutral implicit attitudes (e.g., neutral attitudes towards fat people) in cases where negative attitudes are normally found on explicit or other implicit measures. It was hypothesized that these results might reflect a Positive Framing Bias (PFB) that occurs when participants complete the IRAP. Implicit attitudes towards categories with varying prior associations (nonwords, social systems, flowers and insects, thin and fat people) were measured. Three conditions (standard, positive framing, and negative framing) were used to measure whether framing influenced estimates of implicit attitudes. It was found that IRAP scores were influenced by how the task was framed to the participants, that the framing effect was modulated by the strength of prior stimulus associations and that a default PFB led to an overestimation of positive implicit attitudes when measured by the IRAP. Overall, the findings question the validity of the IRAP as a tool for the measurement of absolute implicit attitudes. A new tool (Simple Implicit Procedure: SIP) for measuring absolute, not just relative, implicit attitudes is proposed.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology | ||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology | ||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Interpersonal relations | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Psychological Assessment | ||||
Publisher: | American Psychological Association | ||||
ISSN: | 1040-3590 | ||||
Official Date: | 2015 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 28 | ||||
Number: | 2 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 158-170 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1037/pas0000172 | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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