Ebruke, Chinelo, Roca, Anna, Egere, Uzochukwu, Darboe, Ousainou, Hill, Philip C., Greenwood, Brian (Brian A.), Wren, Brendan, Adegbola, Richard A. and Antonio, Martin (2015) Temporal changes in nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniaeserotype 1 genotypes in healthy Gambians before and after the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. PeerJ PrePrints, Volume 3 . Article number e903. doi:10.7717/peerj.903 ISSN 2167-9843.

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Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is one of the leading causes of invasive pneumococcal disease. However, this invasive serotype is hardly found in nasopharyngeal asymptomatic carriage and therefore large epidemiological studies are needed to assess the dynamics of serotype 1 infection. Within the context of a large cluster randomized trial conducted in rural Gambia to assess the impact of PCV-7 vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage, we present an ancillary analysis describing the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcal serotype 1 and temporal changes of its more frequent genotypes. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were collected before PCV-7 vaccination (December 2003–May 2004) and up to 30 months after PCV-7 vaccination. The post-vaccination time was divided in three periods to ensure an equal distribution of the number of samples: (1) July 2006–March 2007, (2) April 2007–March 2008 and (3) April 2008–Feb 2009. S. pneumoniae serotype 1 were genotyped by MLST. Serotype 1 was recovered from 87 (0.71%) of 12,319 NPS samples collected. In the pre-vaccination period, prevalence of serotype 1 was 0.47% in both study arms. In the post-vaccination periods, prevalence in the fully vaccinated villages ranged between 0.08% in period 1 and 0.165% in period 2, while prevalence in partly vaccinated villages was between 0.17% in period 3 and 1.34% in period 2. Overall, four different genotypes were obtained, with ST3081 the most prevalent (60.71%), followed by ST618 (29.76%). ST3081 was found only in post-vaccination period 2 and 3, while ST618 had disappeared in post-vaccination period 3. Distribution of these major genotypes was similar in both study arms. Emergence of ST3081 and concomitant disappearance of ST618 may suggest a change in the molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal serotype 1 in this region. This change is not likely to be associated with the introduction of PCV-7 which lacks serotype 1, as it was observed simultaneously in both study arms. Future population-based epidemiological studies will provide further evidence of substantive changes in the pneumococcal serotype 1 epidemiology and the likely mechanisms.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Microbiology & Infection Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Gambia
Journal or Publication Title:	PeerJ PrePrints
Publisher:	PeerJ, Ltd.
ISSN:	2167-9843
Official Date:	30 April 2015
Dates:	Date Event 30 April 2015 Published 31 March 2015 Accepted 12 November 2014 Submitted
Volume:	Volume 3
Article Number:	Article number e903
DOI:	10.7717/peerj.903
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	27 June 2016
Date of first compliant Open Access:	27 June 2016
Funder:	MRC Laboratories (Gambia)‏
Related URLs:	Related dataset

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