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The C-terminal tail of the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 clades A, B, C, and D may exist in two conformations: An analysis of sequence, structure, and function
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UNSPECIFIED (2005) The C-terminal tail of the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 clades A, B, C, and D may exist in two conformations: An analysis of sequence, structure, and function. VIROLOGY, 337 (2). pp. 284-296. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.015
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.015
Abstract
In addition to the major ectodomain, the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein of HTV-1 is now known to have a minor ectodomain that is part of the long C-terminal tail. Both ectodomains are highly antigenic, carry neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes, and are involved in virus-mediated fusion activity. However, data have so far been biologically based, and derived solely from T cell line-adapted (TCLA), B clade viruses. Here we have carried out sequence and theoretically based structural analyses of 357 gp41 C-terminal sequences of mainly primary isolates of HIV-1 clades A, B, C, and D. Data show that all these viruses have the potential to form a tail loop structure (the minor ectodomain) supported by three, beta-sheet, membrane-spanning domains (MSDs). This means that the first (N-terminal) tyrosine-based sorting signal of the gp41 tail is situated outside the cell membrane and is non-functional, and that gp41 that reaches the cell surface may be recycled back into the cytoplasm through the activity of the second tyrosine-sorting signal. However, we suggest that only a minority of cell-associated gp41 molecules - those destined for incorporation into virions - has 3 MSDs and the minor ectodomain. Most intracellular gp41 has the conventional single MSD, no minor ectodomain, a functional first tyrosine-based sorting signal, and in line with current thinking is degraded intracellularly. The gp41 structural diversity suggested here can be viewed as an evolutionary strategy to minimize HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein expression on the cell surface, and hence possible cytotoxicity and immune attack on the infected cell. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
| Item Type: | Journal Item | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | VIROLOGY | ||||
| Publisher: | ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE | ||||
| ISSN: | 0042-6822 | ||||
| Official Date: | 5 July 2005 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 337 | ||||
| Number: | 2 | ||||
| Number of Pages: | 13 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 284-296 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.015 | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published |
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