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Co-thought and co-speech gestures are generated by the same action generation process

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Chu, Mingyuan and Kita, Sotaro (2016) Co-thought and co-speech gestures are generated by the same action generation process. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42 (2). pp. 257-270. doi:10.1037/xlm0000168

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000168

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Abstract

People spontaneously gesture when they speak (co-speech gesture) and when they solve problems silently (co-thought gesture). In this study, we first explored the relationship between these two types of gestures and found that individuals who produced co-thought gestures more frequently also produced co-speech gestures more frequently (Experiments 1 and 2). This suggests that the two types of gestures are generated from the same process.

We then investigated whether both types of gestures can be generated from the representational use of the action generation process that also generates purposeful actions that have a direct physical impact on the world, such as manipulating an object or locomotion (the action generation hypothesis). To this end, we examined the effect of object affordances on the production of both types of gestures (Experiments 3 and 4). We found that individuals produced co-thought and co-speech gestures more often when the stimulus objects afforded action (objects with smooth surface) than when they did not (objects with spiky surface). These results support the action generation hypothesis for representational gestures. However, our findings are incompatible with the hypotheses that co-speech representational gestures are solely generated from the speech production process (the speech production hypothesis).

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Psychology
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Speech, Gesture, Speech and gesture
Journal or Publication Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, and Cognition
Publisher: American Psychological Association
ISSN: 0278-7393
Official Date: February 2016
Dates:
DateEvent
February 2016Published
August 2015Available
2015Accepted
Volume: 42
Number: 2
Page Range: pp. 257-270
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000168
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
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