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Non-invasive distinction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using urinary volatile organic compound analysis : early results
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Arasaradnam, Ramesh P., McFarlane, Michael J., Daulton, E., Westenbrink, Eric W., O'Connell, Nicola, Wurie, Subiatu, Nwokolo, Chuka U., Bardhan, Karna Dev, Savage, Richard S. and Covington, James A. (2015) Non-invasive distinction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using urinary volatile organic compound analysis : early results. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Volume 24 (Number 2). pp. 197-201. Article number 15. doi:10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.242.ury
An open access version can be found in:
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.242.ury
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS:
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease in the western world. Current diagnostic methods including Fibroscan have limitations, thus there is a need for more robust non-invasive screening methods. The gut microbiome is altered in several gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders resulting in altered, unique gut fermentation patterns, detectable by analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine, breath and faeces. We performed a proof of principle pilot study to determine if progressive fatty liver disease produced an altered urinary VOC pattern; specifically NAFLD and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).
METHODS:
34 patients were recruited: 8 NASH cirrhotics (NASH-C); 7 non-cirrhotic NASH; 4 NAFLD and 15 controls. Urine was collected and stored frozen. For assay, the samples were defrosted and aliquoted into vials, which were heated to 40±0.1°C and the headspace analyzed by FAIMS (Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectroscopy). A previously used data processing pipeline employing a Random Forrest classification algorithm and using a 10 fold cross validation method was applied.
RESULTS:
Urinary VOC results demonstrated sensitivity of 0.58 (0.33 - 0.88), but specificity of 0.93 (0.68 - 1.00) and an Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.73 (0.55 - 0.90) to distinguish between liver disease and controls. However, NASH/NASH-C was separated from the NAFLD/controls with a sensitivity of 0.73 (0.45 - 0.92), specificity of 0.79 (0.54 - 0.94) and AUC of 0.79 (0.64 - 0.95), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
This pilot study suggests that urinary VOCs detection may offer the potential for early non-invasive characterisation of liver disease using 'smell prints' to distinguish between NASH and NAFLD.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | R Medicine > RB Pathology | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science > Engineering Faculty of Science > Centre for Systems Biology Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Liver - Cirrhosis, Medical screening, Urine -- Analysis, Volatile organic compounds | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Romanian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology is | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 1842-1121 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | June 2015 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Volume 24 | ||||||||
| Number: | Number 2 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 197-201 | ||||||||
| Article Number: | Article number 15 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.242.ury | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access | ||||||||
| Open Access Version: |
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