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Effect of enhanced heat and mass transport and flow reversal during cool down on weld pool shapes in laser spot welding of steel

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Saldi, Z. S., Kidess, A., Kenjereš, S., Zhao, Changying, Richardson, I. M. and Kleijn, C. R. (2013) Effect of enhanced heat and mass transport and flow reversal during cool down on weld pool shapes in laser spot welding of steel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 66 . pp. 879-888. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.07.085

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.201...

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Abstract

In the literature on numerical simulations of Marangoni driven hydrodynamics in laser spot weld pools, it has been proven impossible to obtain good agreement between simulated and experimentally observed weld shapes without artificially enhancing the thermal conductivity and the dynamic viscosity of the liquid steel by one to two orders of magnitude. This has mostly been ascribed to flow instabilities that are not properly accounted for in the simulations. However, whereas experimental weld shapes are obtained post solidification, the cooling and solidification stage is generally neglected in reported simulations. In the present work, we report a detailed study on the role of the artificial diffusivity enhancement factors in weld pool simulations, and we extend the simulations into the cooling and solidification stage. We show that during the cooling stage, flow reversal may occur in the weld pool, which enhances the downward heat and momentum transfer. This leads to a deeper weld pool that agrees better with experimental results. By including the cooling and solidification stage into the simulations of weld pool hydrodynamics, an improved agreement with experimentally observed weld shapes can be obtained with a reduced necessity to artificially enhance the thermal conductivity and the dynamic viscosity.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TS Manufactures
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Laser welding, Lasers -- Industrial applications, Metals -- Processing, Steel -- Welding
Journal or Publication Title: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Publisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd.
ISSN: 0017-9310
Official Date: November 2013
Dates:
DateEvent
November 2013Published
23 August 2013Available
29 July 2013Accepted
21 March 2013Submitted
Volume: 66
Number of Pages: 10
Page Range: pp. 879-888
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.07.085
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDMaterials innovation institute (M2i)UNSPECIFIED
MC8.05240Tata Steelhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007220

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