Hartley, Louise, Clark, Christine, Flowers, Nadine, Hooper, Lee and Rees, Karen (2014) Omega 6 fatty acids for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5). pp. 1-10. CD011094. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011094 ISSN 1469-493X.

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Abstract

Description of the condition
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of conditions that affect
the heart and blood vessels (WHO 2013), and include cerebrovascular
disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), and peripheral
arterial disease (PAD). One mechanism thought to cause CVD is
atherosclerosis, which is where arteries become blocked by plaques
or atheromas (NHS 2012). Atherosclerosis can cause CVD when
the arteries are completely blocked by a blood clot or when a narrowed
artery restricts blood flow limiting the amount of blood and
oxygen reaching organs or tissue (BHF 2013). Even though arteries
may narrow and become less elastic with age, the process may
be accelerated by factors such as smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and ethnicity (NHS 2012).
Ruptures of unstable plaques may also cause CVD by activating an
inflammatory response in the body. This inflammatory response
causes the structure of the atherosclerotic plaque to weaken and
rupture leading to the formation of blood clots (Spagnoli 2007).
CVDs are the leading causes of death worldwide (WHO 2013),
and in 2008 an estimated 30% of all global deaths were due to
CVD (WHO 2013). The burden of CVD also varies substantially
between regions (Müller-Nordhorn 2008), for example, death
from ischaemic heart disease in France is one-quarter of that of the
UK (Law 1999). Furthermore, low- and middle-income countries
are disproportionally affected (WHO 2013): in 2001, three-quarters of global deaths from CHD took place in low- and middleincome
countries (Gaziano 2010). Gaziano et al. suggest that this
rapid increase in CHD burden is attributable to an increase in
life span, socioeconomic changes, and the acquisition of lifestylerelated
risk factors (Gaziano 2010).
One key public health priority is targeting modifiable risk factors
for CVD prevention (e.g. dietary factors). Such risk factors are
important since their modification has the potential to lower CVD
risk making them a main target for interventions aimed at CVD
primary prevention. One major modifiable risk factor is diet and
dietary factors, such as a low consumption of fruit and vegetables
(Begg 2007), a high intake of saturated fat (Siri-Tarino 2010), and
a high consumption of salt (He 2010), have been found to be
associated with CVD risk.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QP Physiology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Statistics and Epidemiology Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Omega-6 fatty acids, Essential fatty acids, Omega-6 fatty acids -- Physiological effect, Cardiovascular system -- Diseases
Journal or Publication Title:	Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher:	John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
ISSN:	1469-493X
Official Date:	8 May 2014
Dates:	Date Event 8 May 2014 Published
Number:	5
Page Range:	pp. 1-10
Article Number:	CD011094
DOI:	10.1002/14651858.CD011094
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)

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