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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues for premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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Naheed, B., Uthman, Olalekan A., O'Mahoney, F., Kuiper, J. H and O'Brien, P. M. S (2014) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues for premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (10). pp. 1-22. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011330/pdf ISSN 1469-493X.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011330
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder affecting large numbers
of women, characterized by a set of symptoms that occur during
the second, or luteal, half of the menstrual cycle following ovulation.
It occurs between the 14th and 28th day of an idealized 28
day cycle (see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3). Symptoms disappear
by the end of menstruation and do not recur before ovulation,
giving a symptom-free interval of at least one week. PMS is cyclical
and occurs in most menstrual cycles (O’Brien 2011), and at least
20% of adolescents experience moderate-to-severe premenstrual
symptoms that are associated with functional impairment (Rapkin
2008). This condition most often begins in adolescence with the
establishment of normal ovulatory menstrual cycles, however the
underlying pathophysiology has yet to be determined. It is important
to assess and confirm the diagnosis before the initiation
of therapy, especially psychotropic therapies, due to the possibly
harmful side effect profile for adolescents compared to adults. The
diagnosis of a premenstrual disorder (PMD) requires a medical
and psychological history and physical examination, but it is the
daily prospective charting of symptoms for two menstrual cycles
that will clearly determine if the symptoms are related to PMS
or to another underlying medical or psychiatric diagnosis. The
number and types of symptoms are less important than the timing
(ISPMD 2011). PMS is marked by a variety of emotional,
physical and behavioural symptoms. The symptoms typically include
irritability, depression, mood swings, bloating, breast tenderness
and sleep disturbances (Gianetto-Berruti 2002; O’Brien
2003; Johnson 2004; Panay 2005). A severe form of PMS known
as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) causes significant
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (Protocol) 1.
distress and interferes with normal functioning. PMDD is comprised
of a cluster of affective, behavioural and somatic symptoms
recurring monthly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
The disorder affects 3% to 8% of menstruating women and represents
the more severe and disabling end of the spectrum of PMDs
(DSM-V 2013).
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Journal or Publication Title: | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | ||||
Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | ||||
ISSN: | 1469-493X | ||||
Official Date: | 13 October 2014 | ||||
Dates: |
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Number: | 10 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 1-22 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1002/14651858.CD011330/pdf | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||
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