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Electrolytic approaches to the production of graphene flakes and their potential applications
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Low, John C. T. , Walsh, F. C., Chakrabarti, M. H., Hashim, M. A. and Hussain, M. A. (2013) Electrolytic approaches to the production of graphene flakes and their potential applications. Carbon, Volume 54 . pp. 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.030 ISSN 0008-6223.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.030
Abstract
Graphene (GN) has many beneficial properties that encourage wide applications. Various manufacturing procedures are detailed in the literature but most are unable to produce GN flakes in bulk and usually result in toxic discharges. These techniques are also timeconsuming and involve operations at high temperatures. A ‘greener’, simpler and a onestep synthesis of the material may be realised by electrochemical oxidation (or reduction) of the graphite host leading to intercalation of ions from the electrolyte (which may be aqueous, organic or an ionic liquid) followed by electrochemical exfoliation. Single- or multi-layered GN flakes can easily be produced in short periods of time, typically within 30 min. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art methods reported in the literature regarding electrochemical synthesis of GN flakes as well as their properties (determined via sophisticated analytical methods such as AFM, TEM, SEM or Raman spectroscopy). This is followed by a discussion on the applications of electrochemically prepared GN flakes. Challenges and opportunities are briefly considered leading to the conclusion that the cathodic intercalation of lithium ions into graphite can produce the highest yield (>70%) of pristine GN flakes in organic electrolytes. Future work is recommended with ternary eutectic melts as electrolytes.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Graphene, Electrolytic reduction | ||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Carbon | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Pergamon | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 0008-6223 | ||||||||||
Official Date: | April 2013 | ||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Volume 54 | ||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1-21 | ||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.030 | ||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||||
Funder: | Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi [Malaysia. Ministry of Higher Education] | ||||||||||
Grant number: | UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/18 |
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