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An economical means for remediating a multiple-metal contaminated soil using electro-kinetic technology under natural conditions

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Saleem, M., Essa, M. H., Chakrabarti, M. H., Low, John C. T., Hajimolana, S. A. , Hussain, M. A., Hashim, M. A. and Islam, M. S. (2012) An economical means for remediating a multiple-metal contaminated soil using electro-kinetic technology under natural conditions. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7 (9). pp. 7809-7822. ISSN 1452-3981.

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Official URL: http://www.electrochemsci.org/list12.htm#issue9

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Abstract

A bench-scale study on the improved electro-kinetic remediation of heavy metals from soil collected near an operating electroplating site in Pakistan is reported. Influence of operating parameters such as electrode material, current density, soil temperature and inter-electrode spacing is investigated. A maximum of 61.8% removal of cadmium is achieved using titanium electrodes (under natural conditions simulating rain water present in soil). Removal efficiency improves with the increase in current density and soil temperature. About 73% of copper removal is achieved within 20 hours when the soil temperature is constant at 29 °C as compared to 32% removal at 18 'C. Rate of metal removal increases as the inter-electrode spacing decreases to 10 cm, which demonstrates the highest copper removal of 88.1% at a current density of 8.9 mA/cm2. Other heavy metals are well below their maximum permissible limits and thus are not studied in detail. A maximum energy consumption of 5 kWh/m3 of soil means the process can be economically scaled up. Removal efficiencies may be improved by carefully controlling the catholyte pH and by introducing zero-valent iron particles as a permeable reactive barrier in the electro-kinetic process.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Pollution -- Prevention -- Economic aspects -- Pakistán, Soils -- Heavy metal content -- Pakistán, Soils -- Cadmium content -- Pakistán
Journal or Publication Title: International Journal of Electrochemical Science
Publisher: Electrochemical Science Group
ISSN: 1452-3981
Official Date: 1 September 2012
Dates:
DateEvent
1 September 2012Published
23 May 2012Accepted
Volume: 7
Number: 9
Page Range: pp. 7809-7822
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIED​​Jubail University CollegeUNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIEDUniversiti Malayahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004386
UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/18Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003093
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