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Quantitative study on the antifreeze protein mimetic ice growth inhibition properties of poly(ampholytes) derived from vinyl-based polymers

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Mitchell, Daniel E., Lilliman, Mary, Spain, Sebastian G. and Gibson, Matthew I. (2014) Quantitative study on the antifreeze protein mimetic ice growth inhibition properties of poly(ampholytes) derived from vinyl-based polymers. Biomaterials Science, 2 (12). pp. 1787-1795. doi:10.1039/c4bm00153b

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4BM00153B

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Abstract

Antifreeze (glyco) proteins (AF(G)Ps) from the blood of polar fish species are extremely potent ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRI), but are difficult to synthesise or extract from natural sources. Despite this challenge, materials which display IRI are appealing due to their ability to enhance cellular cryopreservation, for applications including regenerative and transplantation medicine. Here, poly(ampholytes), which contain a mixture of cationic and anionic side chains are quantitatively evaluated for their IRI activity. Poly(aminoethyl methacrylate), obtained by RAFT polymerization, is functionalised with succinic anhydride to generate the poly(ampholytes). The charge balance of the side chains is shown to be crucial, with only 50 : 50 mixtures having strong IRI activity, which also scales with molecular weight. This is the first example of a non-hydroxylated synthetic polymer with quantifiable IRI activity and raises questions about the mechanism of IRI, as the polymers have no obvious ice-binding motif. The ampholytic structure is shown to be transferable to carbohydrate-centred polymers with activity retained, but poly(betaines) are shown to be inactive.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Chemistry
Faculty of Science > Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells (MOAC)
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Antifreeze proteins , Ice crystals -- Growth -- Prevention, Regenerative medicine
Journal or Publication Title: Biomaterials Science
Publisher: R S C Publications
ISSN: 2047-4830
Official Date: 15 September 2014
Dates:
DateEvent
15 September 2014Published
2 September 2014Accepted
30 April 2014Submitted
Volume: 2
Number: 12
Page Range: pp. 1787-1795
DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00153b
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder: Advantage West Midlands (AWM), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Birmingham Science City, Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Grant number: EP/H005625/1 (EPSRC)
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