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When does prior knowledge disproportionately benefit older adults’ memory?

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Badham, Stephen P., Hay, Mhairi, Foxon, Natasha, Kaur, Kiran and Maylor, Elizabeth A. (2016) When does prior knowledge disproportionately benefit older adults’ memory? Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 23 (3). pp. 338-365. doi:10.1080/13825585.2015.1099607

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2015.1099607

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Abstract

Material consistent with knowledge/experience is generally more memorable than material inconsistent with knowledge/experience – an effect that can be more extreme in older adults. Four experiments investigated knowledge effects on memory with young and older adults. Memory for familiar and unfamiliar proverbs (Experiment 1) and for common and uncommon scenes (Experiment 2) showed similar knowledge effects across age groups. Memory for person-consistent and person-neutral actions (Experiment 3) showed a greater benefit of prior knowledge in older adults. For cued recall of related and unrelated word pairs (Experiment 4), older adults benefited more from prior knowledge only when it provided uniquely useful additional information beyond the episodic association itself. The current data and literature suggest that prior knowledge has the age-dissociable mnemonic properties of (1) improving memory for the episodes themselves (age invariant), and (2) providing conceptual information about the tasks/stimuli extrinsically to the actual episodic memory (particularly aiding older adults).

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Psychology
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Aging, Prior learning, Recognition (Psychology), Memory
Journal or Publication Title: Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISSN: 1382-5585
Official Date: 2016
Dates:
DateEvent
2016Published
16 October 2015Available
21 September 2015Accepted
19 August 2015Submitted
Volume: 23
Number: 3
Number of Pages: 28
Page Range: pp. 338-365
DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1099607
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
Funder: Economic and Social Research Council (Great Britain) (ESRC)
Grant number: ES/ K002732/1 (ESRC)

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