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Cytokines as effectors and predictors of responses in the treatment of bladder cancer by bacillus Calmette–Guérin
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Liu, Xiaoxuan, Dowell, Alexander C, Patel, Prashant, Viney, Richard P, Foster, Michael C, Porfiri, Emilio, James, Nicholas D. and Bryan, Richard T (2014) Cytokines as effectors and predictors of responses in the treatment of bladder cancer by bacillus Calmette–Guérin. Future Oncology, 10 (8). pp. 1443-1456. doi:10.2217/fon.14.79 ISSN 1479-6694.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon.14.79
Abstract
The most effective intravesical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is instillation of live Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). BCG stimulates the release of cytokines, contributing directly or indirectly to its effectiveness. However, the function of specific cytokines is not well understood. We have undertaken a nonsystematic review of primary evidence regarding cytokine detection, activation and response in BCG patients. Cytokines IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α appear to be essential for effective BCG therapy and nonrecurrence, while IL-10 may have an inhibitory effect on BCG responses. IL-2, IL-8, TRAIL and TNF-α are potentially predictive of response to BCG. Alterations in genes encoding cytokines may also affect responses. There are significant data showing the association of certain cytokines with successful BCG treatment, and which may be useful predictive markers. Isolating those cytokines mediating efficacy may hold the key to ameliorating BCG's side effects and improving efficacy and patient compliance.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Cancer Research Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Journal or Publication Title: | Future Oncology | ||||
Publisher: | Future Medicine Ltd. | ||||
ISSN: | 1479-6694 | ||||
Official Date: | 1 July 2014 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 10 | ||||
Number: | 8 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 1443-1456 | ||||
DOI: | 10.2217/fon.14.79 | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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