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Heteroatom doped-carbon nanospheres as anodes in lithium ion batteries
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Pappas, George S., Ferrari, Stefania , Huang, Xiaobin, Bhagat, Rohit, Haddleton, David M. and Wan, Chaoying (2016) Heteroatom doped-carbon nanospheres as anodes in lithium ion batteries. Materials, 9 (1). 35. doi:10.3390/ma9010035
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9010035
Abstract
Long cycle performance is a crucial requirement in energy storage devices. New formulations and/or improvement of “conventional” materials have been investigated in order to achieve this target. Here we explore the performance of a novel type of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) with three heteroatom co-doped (nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur) and high specific surface area as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The CNSs were obtained from carbonization of highly-crosslinked organo (phosphazene) nanospheres (OPZs) of 300 nm diameter. The OPZs were synthesized via a single and facile step of polycondensation reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4′-sulphonyldiphenol (BPS). The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed a high heteroatom-doping content in the structure of CNSs while the textural evaluation from the N2 sorption isotherms revealed the presence of micro- and mesopores and a high specific surface area of 875 m2/g. The CNSs anode showed remarkable stability and coulombic efficiency in a long charge–discharge cycling up to 1000 cycles at 1C rate, delivering about 130 mA·h·g−1. This study represents a step toward smart engineering of inexpensive materials with practical applications for energy devices.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Chemistry Faculty of Science > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Lithium ion batteries, Lithium cells , Electric batteries, Storage batteries | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Materials | ||||||||
| Publisher: | M D P I A G | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 1996-1944 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | 9 January 2016 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 9 | ||||||||
| Number: | 1 | ||||||||
| Article Number: | 35 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3390/ma9010035 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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