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Heteroatom doped-carbon nanospheres as anodes in lithium ion batteries

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Pappas, George S., Ferrari, Stefania , Huang, Xiaobin, Bhagat, Rohit, Haddleton, David M. and Wan, Chaoying (2016) Heteroatom doped-carbon nanospheres as anodes in lithium ion batteries. Materials, 9 (1). 35. doi:10.3390/ma9010035

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9010035

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Abstract

Long cycle performance is a crucial requirement in energy storage devices. New formulations and/or improvement of “conventional” materials have been investigated in order to achieve this target. Here we explore the performance of a novel type of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) with three heteroatom co-doped (nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur) and high specific surface area as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The CNSs were obtained from carbonization of highly-crosslinked organo (phosphazene) nanospheres (OPZs) of 300 nm diameter. The OPZs were synthesized via a single and facile step of polycondensation reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4′-sulphonyldiphenol (BPS). The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed a high heteroatom-doping content in the structure of CNSs while the textural evaluation from the N2 sorption isotherms revealed the presence of micro- and mesopores and a high specific surface area of 875 m2/g. The CNSs anode showed remarkable stability and coulombic efficiency in a long charge–discharge cycling up to 1000 cycles at 1C rate, delivering about 130 mA·h·g−1. This study represents a step toward smart engineering of inexpensive materials with practical applications for energy devices.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Lithium ion batteries, Lithium cells , Electric batteries, Storage batteries
Journal or Publication Title: Materials
Publisher: M D P I A G
ISSN: 1996-1944
Official Date: 9 January 2016
Dates:
DateEvent
9 January 2016Published
4 February 2016Accepted
30 November 2015Submitted
Volume: 9
Number: 1
Article Number: 35
DOI: 10.3390/ma9010035
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access

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