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Approaches to the detection of very small, common, and easily missed outbreaks that together contribute substantially to human Cryptosporidium infection
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Briggs, A. D. M., Boxall, N. S., Van Santen, D., Chalmers, R. M. and McCarthy, Noel D. (2014) Approaches to the detection of very small, common, and easily missed outbreaks that together contribute substantially to human Cryptosporidium infection. Epidemiology and Infection, 142 (09). pp. 1869-1876. doi:10.1017/S0950268814000673 ISSN 0950-2688.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814000673
Abstract
Water supply-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks have decreased in England since the application of risk reduction measures to public water supplies. We hypothesized that smaller outbreaks were occurring which could be better detected by enhanced surveillance. Rolling analysis of detailed questionnaire data was applied prospectively in a population of 2ยท2 million in the south of England in 2009 and 2010. Detection of spatiotemporal clusters using SaTScan was later undertaken retrospectively. Together these approaches identified eight outbreaks, compared to an expectation of less than one based on national surveillance data. These outbreaks were small and associated with swimming pool use or, less commonly, direct (e.g. petting-farm) contact with animals. These findings suggest that frequent small-scale transmission in swimming pools is an important contributor to disease burden. Identification of swimming pool-level risk factors may inform preventative measures. These findings and the approaches described may be applicable to many other populations and to some other diseases.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Journal or Publication Title: | Epidemiology and Infection | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Cambridge University Press | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 0950-2688 | ||||||||||
Official Date: | September 2014 | ||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 142 | ||||||||||
Number: | 09 | ||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1869-1876 | ||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1017/S0950268814000673 | ||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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