Adams, E. W. & Johnston, J. P. 1988 Eects of the separating shear-layer on the reattachment flow structure part 2: reattachment length and wall shear-stress. Exps. Fluids 6, 493-499.
Akselvoll, K. & Moin, P. 1993 Large eddy simulation of a backward-facing step flow. In Engineering Turbulence Modeling and Experiments 2 (ed. W. Rodi & F. Martelli), pp. 303-313. Elsevier.
Alam, M. & Sandham, N. D. 2000 Direct numerical simulation of `short' laminar separation bubbles with turbulent reattachment. J. Fluid Mech. 410, 1-28.
Armaly, B. F., Durst, F., Pereira, J. C. F. & Sch¨onung, B. 1983 Experimental and theoretical investigation of backward-facing step flow. J. Fluid Mech. 127, 473-496.
Avva, R. K. 1988 Computation of the turbulent flow over a backward-facing step using the zonal modeling approach. PhD thesis, Stanford University.
Barkley, D. & Henderson, R. D. 1996 Three-dimensional Floquet stability analysis of the wake of a circular cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 322, 215-241.
Barkley, D. & Tuckerman, L. S. 1999 Stability analysis of perturbed plane Couette flow. Phys. Fluids A 11, 1187-1195.
Bayly, B. J. 1988 Three-dimensional centrifugal-type instabilities in inviscid two-dimensional flows. Phys. Fluids 31, 56-64.
Bayly, B. J., Orszag, S. A. & Herbert, T. 1988 Instability mechanisms in shear-flow transition. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 20, 359-391.
Bernardi, C., Maday, Y. & Patera, A. T. 1992 A new nonconforming approach to domain decomposition: the mortar element method. In Nonlinear Partial Dierential Equations and their Application (ed. H. Brezis & J. L. Lyons). Pitman and Wiley.
Butler, K. M. & Farrell, B. F. 1993 Optimal perturbations and streak spacing in wall-bounded turbulent shear-flow. Phys. Fluids A 5, 774-777.
Denham, M. K. & Patrick, M. A. 1974 Laminar flow over a downstream-facing step in a twodimensional flow channel. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs 52, 361-367.
Drazin, P. G. & Reid, W. H. 1981 Hydrodynamic Stability. Cambridge University Press.
Edwards, W. S., Tuckerman, L. S., Friesner, R. A. & Sorensen, D. C. 1994 Krylov methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys. 110, 82-102.
Fortin, A., Jardak, M., Gervais, J. J. & Pierre, R. 1997 Localization of Hopf bifurcations in fluid flow problems. Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 24, 1185-1210.
Gartling, D. K. 1990 A test problem for outflow boundary-conditions { flow over a backward-facing step. Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 11, 953-967.
Ghia, K. N., Osswald, G. A. & Ghia, U. 1989 Analysis of incompressible massively separated viscous flows using unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 9, 1025-1050.
Goldstein, R. J., Eriksen, V. L., Olson, R. M. & Eckert, E. R. G. 1970 Laminar separation, reattachment, and transition of the flow over a downstream-facing step. Trans. ASME D: J. Basic Engng 92, 732-739.
Gresho, P. M., Gartling, D. K., Torczynski, J. R., Cliffe, K. A., Winters, K. H., Garratt, T. J., Spence, A. & Goodrich, J. W. 1993 Is the steady viscous incompressible two-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step at Re = 800 stable? Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 17, 501-541.
Hamilton, J. M., Kim, J. & Waleffe, F. 1995 Regeneration mechanisms of near-wall turbulence structures. J. Fluid Mech. 287, 317-348.
Hammond, D. A. & Redekopp, L. G. 1998 Local and global instability properties of separation bubbles. Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 17, 145-164.
Henderson, R. D. 1994 Unstructured spectral element methods: parallel algorithms and simulations. PhD thesis, Princeton University.
Henderson, R. D. & Karniadakis, G. E. 1995 Unstructured spectral element methods for simulation of turbulent flows. J. Comput. Phys. 122, 191-217.
Huerre, P. & Monkewitz, P. A. 1990 Local and global instabilities in spatially developing flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 22, 473-537.
Kaiktsis, L., Karniadakis, G. E. & Orszag, S. A. 1991 Onset of three-dimensionality, equilibria, and early transition in flow over a backward-facing step. J. Fluid Mech. 231, 501-528.
Kaiktsis, L., Karniadakis, G. E. & Orszag, S. A. 1996 Unsteadiness and convective instabilities in two-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step. J. Fluid Mech. 321, 157-187.
Karniadakis, G. E., Israeli, M. & Orszag, S. A. 1991 High-order splitting methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys. 97, 414-443.
Le, H., Moin, P. & Kim, J. 1997 Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a backward-facing step. J. Fluid Mech. 330, 349-374.
Mamun, C. K. & Tuckerman, L. S. 1995 Asymmetry and Hopf bifurcation in spherical Couette flow. Phys. Fluids 7, 80-91.
Patera, A. T. 1984 A spectral element method for fluid dynamics: laminar flow in a channel expansion. J. Comput. Phys. 54, 468-488.
Saad, Y. & Schultz, M. H. 1986 Gmres - a generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear-systems. SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 7, 856-869.
Schatz, M. F., Barkley, D. & Swinney, H. L. 1995 Instabilities in spatially periodic channel flow. Phys. Fluids 7, 344-358.
Williams, P. T. & Baker, A. J. 1997 Numerical simulations of laminar flow over a three-dimensional backward-facing step. Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 24, 1159-1183.