Oyebode, Oyinlola, Gordon-Dseagu, V., Walker, A. and Mindell, J. S. (2014) Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality : analysis of Health Survey for England data. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 68 (9). pp. 856-862. doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203500 ISSN 0143-005X.

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Abstract

Background Governments worldwide recommend daily consumption of fruit and vegetables. We examine whether this benefits health in the general population of England.

Methods Cox regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for age, sex, social class, education, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity, in 65 226 participants aged 35+ years in the 2001–2008 Health Surveys for England, annual surveys of nationally representative random samples of the non-institutionalised population of England linked to mortality data (median follow-up: 7.7 years).

Results Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR for 7+ portions 0.67 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78), reference category <1 portion). This association was more pronounced when excluding deaths within a year of baseline (0.58 (0.46 to 0.71)). Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with reduced cancer (0.75 (0.59–0.96)) and cardiovascular mortality (0.69 (0.53 to 0.88)). Vegetables may have a stronger association with mortality than fruit (HR for 2 to 3 portions 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) and 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98), respectively). Consumption of vegetables (0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) per portion) or salad (0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) per portion) were most protective, while frozen/canned fruit consumption was apparently associated with increased mortality (1.17 (1.07 to 1.28) per portion).

Conclusions A robust inverse association exists between fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality, with benefits seen in up to 7+ portions daily. Further investigations into the effects of different types of fruit and vegetables are warranted.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Fruit -- Health aspects -- England -- Statistics, Vegetables -- Health aspects -- England -- Statistics, Health surveys, Cancer -- Prevention, Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Mortality
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
Publisher:	BMJ Group
ISSN:	0143-005X
Official Date:	September 2014
Dates:	Date Event September 2014 Published 31 March 2014 Available 19 February 2014 Accepted 10 October 2013 Submitted
Volume:	68
Number:	9
Page Range:	pp. 856-862
DOI:	10.1136/jech-2013-203500
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Funder:	Great Britain. National Health Service. Information Centre for Health and Social Care, Great Britain. Faculty of Public Health. London Deanery Public Health Training Scheme, Diabetes UK
Grant number:	08/0003752 (DUK)
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