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The effects of high frequency current ripple on electric vehicle battery performance

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Uddin, Kotub , Moore, Andrew D. , Barai, Anup and Marco, James (2016) The effects of high frequency current ripple on electric vehicle battery performance. Applied Energy, 178 . pp. 142-154. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.033 ISSN 0306-2619.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.033

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Abstract

The power electronic subsystems within electric vehicle (EV) powertrains are required to manage both the energy flows within the vehicle and the delivery of torque by the electrical machine. Such systems are known to generate undesired electrical noise on the high voltage bus. High frequency current oscillations, or ripple, if unhindered will enter the vehicle’s battery system. Real-world measurements of the current on the high voltage bus of a series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) show that significant current perturbations ranging from 10 Hz to in excess of 10 kHz are present. Little is reported within the academic literature about the potential impact on battery system performance and the rate of degradation associated with exposing the battery to coupled direct current (DC) and alternating currents (AC). This paper documents an experimental investigation that studies the long-term impact of current ripple on battery performance degradation. Initial results highlight that both capacity fade and impedance rise progressively increase as the frequency of the superimposed AC current increases. A further conclusion is that the spread of degradation for cells cycled with a coupled AC–DC signal is considerably more than for cells exercised with a traditional DC waveform. The underlying causality for this degradation is not yet understood. However, this has important implications for the battery management system (BMS). Increased variations in cell capacity and impedance will cause differential current flows and heat generation within the battery pack that if not properly managed will further reduce battery life and degrade the operation of the vehicle.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Hybrid electric vehicles , Electric vehicles, Lithium ion batteries
Journal or Publication Title: Applied Energy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
ISSN: 0306-2619
Official Date: 17 June 2016
Dates:
DateEvent
17 June 2016Available
11 June 2016Accepted
8 April 2016Submitted
Volume: 178
Page Range: pp. 142-154
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.033
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 20 June 2016
Date of first compliant Open Access: 21 June 2016
Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Innovate UK, Jaguar PLC
Grant number: EP/M507143/1 and EP/N001745/ (EPSRC)
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