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A non-reward attractor theory of depression

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Rolls, Edmund T. (2016) A non-reward attractor theory of depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 68 . pp. 47-58. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.007

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.007

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Abstract

A non-reward attractor theory of depression is proposed based on the operation of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and supracallosal cingulate cortex. The orbitofrontal cortex contains error neurons that respond to non-reward for many seconds in an attractor state that maintains a memory of the non-reward. The human lateral orbitofrontal cortex is activated by non-reward during reward reversal, and by a signal to stop a response that is now incorrect. Damage to the human orbitofrontal cortex impairs reward reversal learning. Not receiving reward can produce depression. The theory proposed is that in depression, this lateral orbitofrontal cortex non-reward system is more easily triggered, and maintains its attractor-related firing for longer. This triggers negative cognitive states, which in turn have positive feedback top-down effects on the orbitofrontal cortex non-reward system. Treatments for depression, including ketamine, may act in part by quashing this attractor. The mania of bipolar disorder is hypothesized to be associated with oversensitivity and overactivity in the reciprocally related reward system in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and pregenual cingulate cortex.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Computer Science
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Neurosciences, Cognition, Depression, Mental, Manic-depressive illness
Journal or Publication Title: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Pergamon
ISSN: 0149-7634
Official Date: September 2016
Dates:
DateEvent
September 2016Published
12 May 2016Available
10 April 2016Accepted
13 October 2015Submitted
Volume: 68
Page Range: pp. 47-58
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.007
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder: Medical Research Council (Great Britain) (MRC)
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