Viswanathan, Vijay, Lee, Sang, Gilman, Jodi M., Kim, Byoung Woo, Lee, Nick, Chamberlain, Laura, Livengood, Sherri L., Raman, Kalyan, Lee, Myung Joo, Kuster, Jake, Stern, Daniel B., Calder, Bobby, Mulhern, Frank J., Blood, Anne J. and Breiter, Hans C. (2015) Age-related striatal BOLD changes without changes in behavioral loss aversion. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9 . doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00176

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Abstract

Loss aversion (LA), the idea that negative valuations have a higher psychological impact than positive ones, is considered an important variable in consumer research. The literature on aging and behavior suggests older individuals may show more LA, although it is not clear if this is an effect of aging in general (as in the continuum from age 20 and 50 years), or of the state of older age (e.g., past age 65 years). We also have not yet identified the potential biological effects of aging on the neural processing of LA. In the current study we used a cohort of subjects with a 30 year range of ages, and performed whole brain functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VS/NAc) response during a passive viewing of affective faces with model-based fMRI analysis incorporating behavioral data from a validated approach/avoidance task with the same stimuli. Our a priori focus on the VS/NAc was based on (1) the VS/NAc being a central region for reward/aversion processing; (2) its activation to both positive and negative stimuli; (3) its reported involvement with tracking LA. LA from approach/avoidance to affective faces showed excellent fidelity to published measures of LA. Imaging results were then compared to the behavioral measure of LA using the same affective faces. Although there was no relationship between age and LA, we observed increasing neural differential sensitivity (NDS) of the VS/NAc to avoidance responses (negative valuations) relative to approach responses (positive valuations) with increasing age. These findings suggest that a central region for reward/aversion processing changes with age, and may require more activation to produce the same LA behavior as in younger individuals, consistent with the idea of neural efficiency observed with high IQ individuals showing less brain activation to complete the same task.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QP Physiology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Divisions:	Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Marketing Group Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Loss (Psychology), Neurosciences, Aging, Nucleus accumbens
Journal or Publication Title:	Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Publisher:	Frontiers Research Foundation
ISSN:	1662-5161
Official Date:	30 April 2015
Dates:	Date Event 30 April 2015 Published 15 March 2015 Accepted 23 April 2015 Submitted
Volume:	9
DOI:	10.3389/fnhum.2015.00176
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy, University of Chicago, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.), Dystonia Medical Research Foundation
Grant number:	#14118, 026002, 026104, 027804, DABK39-03-0098, DABK39-03-C-0098 (National Institute on Drug Abuse), #052368 (NINDS)

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