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Testosterone and the tendency to engage in self-employment
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Nicolaou, Nicos, Patel, Pankaj C. and Wolfe, Marcos T. (2018) Testosterone and the tendency to engage in self-employment. Management Science, 64 (4). pp. 1825-1841. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2664 ISSN 0025-1909.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2664
Abstract
Does testosterone increase the tendency to engage in self-employment? The results presented to date have been mixed. Using three different studies, we provide additional evidence on the relationship between testosterone and self-employment. Drawing on a cross-section of 2,146 individuals (1,178 males and 968 females) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys’ (NHANES’) 2011-2012 sample, and controlling for endogeneity (with red blood cell count, percentage Hematocrit, and zinc supplements intake in the past 30-days as instruments), serum testosterone levels are positively associated with self-employment for males (marginally significant, two-tailed test). As testosterone levels could be affected by social, economic, and biological factors during one’s life course, to draw more robust inferences we assess whether the 2D:4D digit ratio, a marker of prenatal testosterone exposure, influences the likelihood of self-employment. We reviewed a sample of 971 cases (449 males and 525 females) from Understanding Society’s Innovation Panel 6 (IP6), and our results indicate that males (females) with lower 2D:4D ratio in their left hand, or higher prenatal testosterone exposure, have a significantly greater (marginally significant for females) likelihood of self-employment (two-tailed test). Finally, we examine the twin testosterone transfer effect in a sample of opposite-sex and same-sex twins from the National Survey of Midlife Development (MIDUS I) in the Unites States and provide additional support for the marginally significant (two-tailed test) positive association between testosterone and self-employment.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science > QP Physiology |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Management Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Self-employed , Testosterone, Human behavior--Endocrine aspects | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Management Science | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (I N F O R M S) | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 0025-1909 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | April 2018 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 64 | ||||||||
| Number: | 4 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1825-1841 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1287/mnsc.2016.2664 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 29 September 2016 | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 3 March 2018 | ||||||||
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