Stubbs, Christopher D., Lipecki, Julia and Gibson, Matthew I. (2017) Regioregular alternating polyampholytes have enhanced biomimetic ice recrystallization activity compared to random copolymers and the role of side chain verses main chain hydrophobicity. Biomacromolecules, 18 (1). pp. 295-302. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01691 ISSN 1525-7797.

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Abstract

Antifreeze proteins from polar fish species are potent ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs) effectively stopping all ice growth. Additives which have IRI activity have been shown to enhance cellular cryopreservation with potential to improve the distribution of donor cells and tissue. Polyampholytes, polymers with both anionic and cationic side chains, are a rapidly emerging class of polymer cryoprotectants, but their mode of action and the structural features essential for activity are not clear. Here regio-regular polyampholytes are synthesized from maleic anhydride co-polymers to enable stoichiometric installation of the charged groups, ensuring regio-regularity which is not possible using conventional random co-polymerisation. A modular synthetic strategy is employed to enable the backbone and side chain hydrophobicity to be varied, with side chain hydrophobicity found to have a profound effect on the IRI activity. The activity of the regio-regular polymers was found to be superior to those derived from a standard random copolymerisation with statistical incorporation of monomers, demonstrating that sequence composition is crucial to the activity of IRI active polyampholytes.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Polyampholytes, Copolymers, Biomimetics, Ice crystals
Journal or Publication Title:	Biomacromolecules
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
ISSN:	1525-7797
Official Date:	9 January 2017
Dates:	Date Event 9 January 2017 Published 12 December 2016 Available 12 December 2016 Accepted 15 November 2016 Submitted
Volume:	18
Number:	1
Page Range:	pp. 295-302
DOI:	10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01691
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	15 December 2016
Date of first compliant Open Access:	30 January 2017
Funder:	European Research Council (ERC), Royal Society (Great Britain), Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership (MIBTP)
Grant number:	CRYOMAT 638661 (ERC), BB/M01116X/1 (MIBTP)
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID CRYOMAT 638661 [ERC] Horizon 2020 Framework Programme http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661 UNSPECIFIED [RS] Royal Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288 UNSPECIFIED Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership (MIBTP) UNSPECIFIED

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