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Cluster failure : why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates
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Eklund, Anders, Nichols, Thomas E. and Knutsson, Hans (2016) Cluster failure : why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (28). pp. 7900-7905. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602413113 ISSN 0027-8424.
An open access version can be found in:
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602413113
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) is 25 years old, yet surprisingly its most common statistical methods have not been validated using real data. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data from 499 healthy controls to conduct 3 million task group analyses. Using this null data with different experimental designs, we estimate the incidence of significant results. In theory, we should find 5% false positives (for a significance threshold of 5%), but instead we found that the most common software packages for fMRI analysis (SPM, FSL, AFNI) can result in false-positive rates of up to 70%. These results question the validity of a number of fMRI studies and may have a large impact on the interpretation of weakly significant neuroimaging results.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Statistics Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | ||||||||
| Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | 12 July 2016 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 113 | ||||||||
| Number: | 28 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 7900-7905 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1602413113 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||
| Description: | CORRECTION: NEUROSCIENCE, STATISTICS Correction for “Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates,” by Anders Eklund, Thomas E. Nichols, and Hans Knutsson, which appeared in issue 28, July 12, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (113:7900–7905; first published June 28, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1602413113). The authors note that on page 7900, in the Significance Statement, lines 9–11, “These results question the validity of some 40,000 fMRI studies and may have a large impact on the interpretation of neuroimaging results” should instead appear as “These results question the validity of a number of fMRI studies and may have a large impact on the interpretation of weakly significant neuroimaging results.” Additionally, the authors note that on page 7904, left column, fifth full paragraph, lines 1–3, “It is not feasible to redo 40,000 fMRI studies, and lamentable archiving and data-sharing practices mean most could not be reanalyzed either” should instead appear as “Due to lamentable archiving and data-sharing practices, it is unlikely that problematic analyses can be redone.” These errors do not affect the conclusions of the article. The online version has been corrected. |
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